Question 1

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct sequence of information flow in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 2

Which process is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 3

What is the role of a promoter in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It is the DNA sequence where RNA polymerase begins transcription.

Question 4

During transcription, which DNA strand has the same sequence as the RNA molecule (except for uracil replacing thymine)?

Accepted Answer

Coding strand

Question 5

Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase requires a primer to begin synthesis.

Question 6

In eukaryotes, which additional molecules are required for transcription initiation besides RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct mRNA transcript for the DNA template strand 3'-ATGACCGGCAGTCAT-5'?

Accepted Answer

5'-UACUGCCGGUCAUA-3'

Question 8

Which property is NOT shared by RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Can initiate strand synthesis

Question 9

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA after transcription?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic mRNA requires processing and splicing before translation.

Question 10

Which modification is added to the 5' end of eukaryotic pre-mRNA during processing?

Accepted Answer

5' cap

Question 11

What is the function of the poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It facilitates the export of mRNA from the nucleus.

Question 12

Which of the following best defines a gene?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of DNA that encodes a product, such as a protein.

Question 13

During the elongation phase of transcription, what direction does RNA polymerase move along the DNA template?

Accepted Answer

3' to 5' direction

Question 14

Which of the following occurs during the termination stage of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The RNA transcript is released.

Question 15

Which statement about the central dogma is correct?

Accepted Answer

Translation uses mRNA to synthesize protein.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a step in eukaryotic mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

Binding of ribosomes to the promoter

Question 17

If a DNA coding strand has the sequence 5'-ACTGCCAGGAT-3', what is the sequence of the mRNA produced?

Accepted Answer

5'-ACUGCCAGGAU-3'

Question 18

Which of the following statements about transcription in prokaryotes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase can bind directly to the promoter without additional proteins.

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of mutations in the promoter region of a gene?

Accepted Answer

Failure of RNA polymerase to initiate transcription

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the DNA template strand and the RNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

They are complementary and antiparallel.

Transcription and RNA Processing: The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions