Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of RNA polymerase during transcription in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand from the DNA template.

Question 2

During transcription, which direction does RNA polymerase synthesize the new RNA strand?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 3

Which of the following is a key difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 4

A mutation changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'degenerate'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 6

During eukaryotic mRNA processing, which modification is added to the 5' end of the transcript?

Accepted Answer

5' cap

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during translation?

Accepted Answer

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 8

If a DNA template strand has the sequence 3'-TACGGTACG-5', what is the sequence of the mRNA produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUGCCUACG-3'

Question 9

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes catalyze peptide bond formation during translation.

Question 10

A frameshift mutation is most likely to result from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotides

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon via its anticodon.

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of possible codons in the genetic code, given four bases and three positions per codon?

Accepted Answer

$$4^3 = 64$

Question 13

In eukaryotic cells, which process removes introns from pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Question 14

Which of the following is a consequence of a nonsense mutation in a gene?

Accepted Answer

The protein is truncated due to a premature stop codon.

Question 15

During translation, which site on the ribosome does the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA first bind?

Accepted Answer

A site

Question 16

Which of the following post-translational modifications is most likely to affect protein stability?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the start codon in translation?

Accepted Answer

It codes for methionine and signals the beginning of translation.

Question 18

A patient has a mutation that prevents the addition of a poly-A tail to mRNA. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will be degraded rapidly in the cytoplasm.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of elongation during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing RNA strand.

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct result of a frameshift mutation in the coding region of a gene?

Accepted Answer

The reading frame of the mRNA is altered, potentially changing every amino acid downstream.

Transcription and Translation: From DNA to Protein

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