Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of RNA polymerase during transcription in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA using ribonucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) and does not require a primer.

Question 2

What is the function of the sigma factor in bacterial transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

It recognizes promoter sequences and orients RNA polymerase on the DNA.

Question 3

Which sequence is commonly found about 10 bases upstream of the transcription start site in bacterial promoters?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{TATAAT}$$

Question 4

During elongation in bacterial transcription, in which direction is the RNA strand synthesized?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 5

What event causes the termination of transcription in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

The formation of a hairpin structure in the RNA transcript

Question 6

Which of the following is true about eukaryotic transcription compared to bacterial transcription?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes use general transcription factors instead of sigma proteins.

Question 7

What is the immediate product of transcription in eukaryotes called?

Accepted Answer

Primary transcript or pre-mRNA

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the fate of introns during RNA processing in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They are removed by the spliceosome and degraded.

Question 9

What is the function of the spliceosome during RNA processing?

Accepted Answer

It removes introns and joins exons together.

Question 10

Which of the following modifications occur to eukaryotic pre-mRNA before it becomes mature mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail

Question 11

A mutation prevents the formation of the poly(A) tail in a eukaryotic mRNA. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will be rapidly degraded in the cytoplasm.

Question 12

Which experimental evidence led to the discovery of introns in eukaryotic genes?

Accepted Answer

The presence of loops in DNA-RNA hybrid molecules

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why splicing is important for eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

It allows a single gene to produce multiple mRNAs and proteins.

Question 14

A researcher isolates a eukaryotic mRNA that lacks both a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail. Which process was most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

RNA processing

Question 15

Which of the following is a key difference between bacterial and eukaryotic transcription termination?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria use a hairpin structure, while eukaryotes use a poly(A) signal.

Question 16

Which of the following sequences is found in the -35 region of a bacterial promoter?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{TTGACA}$$

Question 17

If a mutation disrupts the function of snRNPs in a eukaryotic cell, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Introns will not be removed from pre-mRNA.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the coding strand of DNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

It matches the sequence of the mRNA, except U replaces T.

Question 19

A bacterial gene has a mutation in the -10 box of its promoter. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Sigma factor will not recognize the promoter, reducing transcription initiation.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about untranslated regions (UTRs) in mature mRNA?

Accepted Answer

They are present at both the 5' and 3' ends of the mRNA.

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation (Chapter 17, Part 1): Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions