Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of a promoter in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Question 2

During transcription, which strand of DNA is used as the template for RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Template strand

Question 3

What is the correct mRNA transcript for the DNA template strand 5'-TACGGCATGCTA-3'?

Accepted Answer

$$5'-AUGCCGUACGAU-3'$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a property shared by RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Requires a primer to initiate synthesis.

Question 5

In eukaryotes, which modification is added to the 5' end of pre-mRNA during RNA processing?

Accepted Answer

5' cap

Question 6

Which regions of a eukaryotic gene are removed during RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

Introns

Question 7

Which type of RNA contains anticodons that pair with codons during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 8

What type of bond is responsible for maintaining the shape of tRNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between bases

Question 9

During translation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA in which direction?

Accepted Answer

$$5' \rightarrow 3'$$

Question 10

Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 11

What is the function of the release factor during translation termination?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of tRNA.

Question 12

Which post-translational modification involves the addition of a carbohydrate group to a protein?

Accepted Answer

Glycosylation

Question 13

A mutation in the promoter region of a gene would most likely affect which process?

Accepted Answer

Transcription initiation

Question 14

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes contain both rRNA and proteins.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → RNA processing → Translation

Question 16

If the DNA coding strand sequence is 5'-ATGCCGTA-3', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$5'-AUGCCGUA-3'$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It protects the mRNA from degradation.

Question 18

Which of the following antibiotics would block protein synthesis in prokaryotes but not eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

An antibiotic that blocks ribosome function in prokaryotes.

Question 19

Which of the following steps occurs first during translation?

Accepted Answer

Binding of the first tRNA carrying methionine to the start codon.

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions