Codon $$5'\text{AUG}3'$$, carrying methionine

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

In prokaryotes, transcription and translation are coupled, while in eukaryotes, they are separated by the nuclear envelope.

Question 2

What is the function of the start codon AUG during translation?

Accepted Answer

It signals the beginning of translation and codes for methionine.

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for charging tRNAs with their correct amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 4

A mutation changes the codon GCA to GCC in an mRNA. Both codons code for alanine. Which concept explains why the same tRNA can recognize both codons?

Accepted Answer

Wobble hypothesis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of the A site on the large ribosomal subunit during translation?

Accepted Answer

It binds with the anticodon of a charged tRNA.

Question 6

Which of the following codons is NOT a stop codon?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Question 7

During elongation, which enzyme activity catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Peptidyl transferase

Question 8

What is the immediate result when a stop codon enters the A site of the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A release factor binds, leading to hydrolysis of the bond between the polypeptide and tRNA.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a polyribosome (polysome)?

Accepted Answer

A strand of mRNA with multiple ribosomes translating it simultaneously.

Question 10

Which of the following steps occurs first during the initiation of translation?

Accepted Answer

The small ribosomal subunit binds to its recognition sequence on mRNA.

Question 11

If a tRNA has the anticodon $$5'	ext{UAC}3'$$, which mRNA codon will it recognize and what amino acid will it carry?

Accepted Answer

Codon $$5'	ext{AUG}3'$$, carrying methionine

Question 12

Which property of ribosomes ensures that only tRNAs with the correct anticodon bind to the mRNA codon?

Accepted Answer

Fidelity function involving hydrogen bond validation

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the wobble hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Cells can produce fewer tRNA species.

Question 14

A mutation prevents the formation of the E site on the ribosome. What is the most likely effect on translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNAs will not be efficiently released from the ribosome after donating their amino acid.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of a ribozyme in translation?

Accepted Answer

An RNA molecule with catalytic activity, such as peptidyl transferase.

Question 16

During translation elongation, what happens immediately after the peptide bond is formed?

Accepted Answer

The tRNA in the P site is released and the ribosome shifts, moving the tRNA to the E site.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They consist of one large and one small subunit.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life application of understanding the translation process?

Accepted Answer

Designing antibiotics that target bacterial ribosomes without affecting human ribosomes.

Translation: From mRNA to Protein – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions