Question 1

Which of the following best describes the symplastic route of transport in plants?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water and solutes through the cytosol of living cells connected by plasmodesmata.

Question 2

A plant cell is placed in a solution with a lower water potential than its cytoplasm. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water, and plasmolysis may occur.

Question 3

Which process is primarily responsible for the long-distance transport of water and minerals from roots to shoots in plants?

Accepted Answer

Bulk flow in the xylem

Question 4

How is membrane potential established in plant plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

By pumping $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions out of the cell using proton pumps

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the development of vascular tissue was critical in plant evolution?

Accepted Answer

It enabled extensive root and shoot systems, long-distance transport, and increased competition for resources.

Question 6

A desert plant opens its stomata only at night to take in $$\mathrm{CO_2$}. $$This adaptation is characteristic of which type of plant?

Accepted Answer

CAM plant

Question 7

Which of the following statements about turgor pressure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Turgor pressure is the positive pressure exerted by the plasma membrane against the cell wall, maintaining leaf structure.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the endodermis in plant roots?

Accepted Answer

It forces water and minerals in the apoplast to cross a plasma membrane before entering the vascular cylinder.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of translocation in plants?

Accepted Answer

The transport of photosynthetic products through the phloem from sources to sinks.

Question 10

A plant is observed to drop its flowers and fruits when there are more sinks than sources. What is the biological explanation for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The plant cannot support all sinks, so it sheds some to balance resource allocation.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sponges?

Accepted Answer

They possess a nervous system and muscle cells.

Question 12

Which of the following contributed to the increase in bilaterian diversity during the Cambrian period?

Accepted Answer

Increase in predator-prey relationships and oxygen capacity

Question 13

Which animal group is defined by having segmented bodies, a hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages?

Accepted Answer

Arthropods

Question 14

Which of the following is a defining feature of Deuterostomia?

Accepted Answer

They are defined by DNA similarities and have radial cleavage.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between medusa and polyp forms in cnidarians?

Accepted Answer

Medusa moves freely by drifting and contracting, polyp adheres to substrate by its aboral end.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about monotremes?

Accepted Answer

They lay eggs, lack nipples, and can sense movement.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why plants wilt?

Accepted Answer

There is a lack of turgor pressure, so there is no pressure on the cell walls.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of Ecdysozoa?

Accepted Answer

They molt their exoskeleton.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of aquaporins in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow water to move rapidly across the plasma membrane.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about water potential ($$\Psi) is $$correct?

Accepted Answer

Water flows from regions of higher water potential to regions of lower water potential.

Transport in Plants and Animal Diversity: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions