Question 1

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They cannot reproduce or carry out metabolism independently.

Question 2

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. All other conditions are kept the same. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The presence or absence of fertilizer

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between a hypothesis and a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable prediction, while a theory is a broad explanation supported by evidence.

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all living things?

Accepted Answer

Composed of one or more cells

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the relationship between atoms and molecules?

Accepted Answer

Molecules are formed by chemical bonds between atoms.

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 4. How many times more hydrogen ions ($$\mathrm{H}^+) $$does it contain compared to a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

$$1000$$ times more

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water is a good solvent for many substances?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar, allowing them to surround and separate ions and polar molecules.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about diffusion and osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane toward a higher solute concentration.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes decrease the activation energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 10

Which of the following is a property of saturated fats?

Accepted Answer

They are typically solid at room temperature.

Question 11

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in both plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid and its role in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, forming a bilayer that separates the cell from its environment.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with hypertension after consuming large amounts of sweetened beverages. Which biological molecule is most likely contributing to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the path of food molecules from ingestion to cellular use?

Accepted Answer

Ingestion → Digestion → Absorption → Circulation → Cellular uptake

Question 17

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria contain their own DNA, which is inherited maternally.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of water that helps regulate temperature in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high specific heat, allowing it to absorb and release heat slowly.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice hold water molecules farther apart, making ice less dense than liquid water.

Unit 1 Biology Study Guide: The Science of Life and the Chemistry of Living Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards