Q: Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of emergent properties in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A collection of organelles forms a cell, which can carry out life processes that the organelles alone cannot.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a property of all living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 3

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The presence or absence of fertilizer

Question 4

Which of the following statements about energy and matter in ecosystems is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy flows through ecosystems and is eventually lost as heat, while matter cycles.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA ightarrow RNA ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback regulation in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Insulin lowers blood glucose levels when they rise after eating.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells do not contain membrane-bound organelles.

Question 8

A certain element has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 18. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$18 - 8 = 10$$ neutrons

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why water is a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing electrons to spend more time near the oxygen atom.

Question 10

Which of the following is a trace element required by humans and often added to table salt to prevent deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 7 is neutral.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice are longer and more stable, making ice less dense than liquid water.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions as enzymes

Question 15

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis joins monomers by removing water; hydrolysis breaks polymers by adding water.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid and its role in cells?

Accepted Answer

It has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, forming the bilayer of cell membranes.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning in science?

Accepted Answer

Observing that all swans you have seen are white and concluding that all swans are white.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why carbon is such a versatile element in forming biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms.

Question 19

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ is classified as which type of macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide (carbohydrate)

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Both are polymers of glucose, but starch is used for energy storage in plants, while cellulose provides structural support.

Unit 1 General Biology Study Guide: Introduction, Chemistry, Water, and Biomolecules

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