Q: Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in eukaryotic cells?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of emergent properties in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A population of bacteria can evolve antibiotic resistance, while a single bacterium cannot.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a property of all living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 3

Which domain contains only prokaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

Both Bacteria and Archaea

Question 4

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The presence or absence of fertilizer

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about energy and matter in ecosystems is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy flows through ecosystems, while matter cycles.

Question 7

A patient is given radioactive iodine ($$^{131}	ext{I}) to $$diagnose thyroid problems. Which property of isotopes makes this possible?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have unstable nuclei that emit radiation, which can be detected.

Question 8

Given an atom with atomic number 8 and mass number 18, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$18 - 8 = 10$$ neutrons

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice are longer, creating an open lattice that decreases density.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback regulation in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Insulin secretion lowers blood glucose levels, which in turn reduces insulin secretion.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons; ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 12

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four most abundant in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 13

Which property of water allows a tree to transport water from its roots to its leaves?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion and adhesion

Question 14

Which of the following statements about pH is correct?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 7 is neutral.

Question 15

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-\mathrm{COOH})$$

Question 16

Which process joins two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide, and what is produced as a byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water is produced

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have straight chains that pack tightly, while unsaturated fats have kinks due to double bonds.

Question 18

Which level of protein structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 19

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 20

A researcher observes that all swans she has seen are white and concludes that all swans are white. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning

Unit 1 General Biology Study Guide: Foundations, Chemistry, Water, and Macromolecules

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