Q: Which process joins two amino acids together, and what is released during this reaction?

Condensation reaction; water ($\text{H}_2\text{O}$) is released

Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the three domains of life as shown on a phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 2

Which feature distinguishes the domain Eukarya from Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 3

Which statement best describes the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?

Accepted Answer

A theory explains why phenomena occur, while a law describes what happens under certain conditions.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a defining feature of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 5

If an atom has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14, how many neutrons does it have? Use the formula $	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Mass number} - 	ext{Atomic number}$.

Accepted Answer

8

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally between atoms, creating partial charges.

Question 7

Which type of interaction is responsible for the secondary structure of proteins, such as alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 8

What is the monomer that makes up proteins, and which two functional groups are always present in this monomer?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid; amino group and carboxyl group

Question 9

Which bond forms between amino acids during protein synthesis? Use the following equation: $	ext{Amino acid}_1 + 	ext{Amino acid}_2 ightarrow 	ext{Dipeptide} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 10

Which process joins two amino acids together, and what is released during this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Condensation reaction; water ($	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$) is released

Question 11

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 12

Which molecule is considered the first 'living' molecule and why?

Accepted Answer

RNA, because it can both store genetic information and catalyze chemical reactions

Question 13

What is the bond called that links nucleotides together in a nucleic acid? Use the following equation: $	ext{Nucleotide}_1 + 	ext{Nucleotide}_2 ightarrow 	ext{Dinucleotide} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 14

Which of the following pieces of information was critical for Watson and Crick in determining the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Chargaff's rules, X-ray diffraction data, and the chemical structure of nucleotides

Question 15

Which naming strategy is used for carbohydrate molecules such as glucose and fructose?

Accepted Answer

Based on the number of carbon atoms and the type of carbonyl group (aldose or ketose)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide is a single sugar unit, disaccharide is two sugar units, polysaccharide is many sugar units

Question 17

What makes carbohydrates 'energy-rich' compared to other biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

They have many C-H bonds that can be oxidized to release energy

Question 18

Which of the following is a common polysaccharide found in plants, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose; provides structural support in plant cell walls

Question 19

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. Which element of a scientific experiment is necessary to ensure valid results?

Accepted Answer

A control group that does not receive the fertilizer

Question 20

Which of the following types of interactions can occur between two different molecules in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, van der Waals interactions, and hydrophobic interactions

Unit 1: Introduction and Biological Molecules – General Biology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards