Question 1

Which of the following best explains why gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to antibiotics than gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria possess an outer membrane that restricts antibiotic entry.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a single-celled organism living in a hot spring with ether-linked membrane lipids and no peptidoglycan in its cell wall. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which process allows bacteria to acquire new genetic traits, such as antibiotic resistance, by taking up naked DNA from their environment?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 4

Which of the following best describes mutualism in prokaryotes, and which is a real-world example?

Accepted Answer

Both organisms benefit; for example, Rhizobium bacteria fixing nitrogen in legume roots.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about protists is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The diversity and abundance of single-celled protists across all eukaryotic supergroups support that most eukaryotes are single-celled.

Question 6

Which protist supergroup includes organisms with a feeding groove and often modified or absent mitochondria, such as Euglena and Giardia?

Accepted Answer

Excavata

Question 7

A researcher is studying a fungus with coenocytic hyphae and resistant zygosporangia. To which fungal phylum does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Zygomycetes

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a key adaptation that enabled plants to colonize land?

Accepted Answer

Loss of multicellular gametangia

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches a plant group with its dominant life cycle stage and a key trait?

Accepted Answer

Vascular plants – dominant sporophyte – vascular tissue

Question 10

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of angiosperms compared to gymnosperms?

Accepted Answer

Seeds are enclosed within fruits

Question 11

A botanist finds a plant with parallel leaf veins, flower parts in multiples of three, and scattered vascular bundles. Which group does this plant belong to?

Accepted Answer

Monocots

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why lichens cannot be classified as a single organism?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of multiple species from different kingdoms in a symbiotic relationship.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of major events in the angiosperm life cycle?

Accepted Answer

Flower formation → meiosis → pollination and fertilization → seed and fruit development → germination and growth

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of fungal septa?

Accepted Answer

They divide hyphae into compartments, allowing movement of cytoplasm and organelles.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary relationship between fungi and animals?

Accepted Answer

Fungi and animals share a common ancestor within the opisthokont lineage.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key ecological role of fungi in terrestrial ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Decomposing dead organic matter and recycling nutrients

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct match between a fungal phylum and a defining characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Glomeromycetes – arbuscular mycorrhizae with plants

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a trait present in nearly all land plants but absent in charophyte algae?

Accepted Answer

Unicellular gametangia

Question 19

A patient is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Which type of ecological interaction does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Parasitism

Question 20

Which of the following adaptations of seeds has most contributed to the global success of seed plants?

Accepted Answer

Seeds protect and nourish embryos, allow for dormancy, and enable wide dispersal.

Unit 2: Biodiversity – Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, and Plants

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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