Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why plant cells can survive in hypotonic solutions, while animal cells cannot?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a cell wall that prevents them from bursting due to turgor pressure.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a double membrane-bound organelle containing its own circular DNA and ribosomes similar to those found in bacteria. Which theory does this observation support?

Accepted Answer

Endosymbiont theory

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It uses high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH$$_2 to $$pump protons and generate ATP via chemiosmosis.

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a solution containing 9.0% NaCl, while the cell itself contains 0.9% NaCl. What will happen to the cell, and what is the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrivel; the solution is hypertonic.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 6

During vigorous exercise, muscle cells may switch to lactic acid fermentation. Why is the recycling of NADH to NAD$$^+$$ critical in this process?

Accepted Answer

NAD$$^+ is $$required for glycolysis to continue producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 8

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Production and secretion of large amounts of protein

Question 9

Which of the following processes requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct representation of the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why carbon monoxide (CO) is deadly to aerobic organisms?

Accepted Answer

CO blocks the transfer of electrons to oxygen in the electron transport chain, halting ATP production.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Processing, sorting, and shipping products from the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

A patient is given an intravenous solution with a lower solute concentration than their blood plasma. What is the likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It uses the flow of protons down their gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to proceed.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires transport proteins, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of microtubules in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Moving chromosomes during cell division

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why most bacteria cannot grow in a jar of pickles?

Accepted Answer

The acidic environment denatures bacterial enzymes, preventing metabolism.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for the aerobic breakdown of glucose in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Transition reaction → Citric acid cycle → Oxidative phosphorylation

Unit 2 Cell Biology Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards