Question 1

Which statement best describes the Cell Theory as presented in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for generating ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A scientist observes a cell with a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 5

Which structure in plant cells helps maintain turgor pressure and provides structural support?

Accepted Answer

Large central vacuole

Question 6

What is the main function of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 7

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

A mutation causes the inner membrane of mitochondria to lose its folds (cristae). What is the most likely consequence for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Decreased surface area for ATP production, leading to reduced energy output.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the concept of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It creates distinct environments within the cell, enabling specialized biochemical reactions.

Question 10

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 11

In a plant cell, which structure allows communication and transport between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 13

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 14

A cell is observed to have flagella and no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support and protection

Question 16

Which organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances and breaking down fatty acids, producing hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 17

If a cell's plasma membrane becomes less fluid, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of membrane proteins and transport of substances across the membrane

Question 18

Which organelle is part of the endomembrane system and is responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink due to osmosis.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria have a double membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

To create distinct environments for different stages of cellular respiration, increasing ATP production efficiency.

Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function – Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions