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Unit 4 Biology: Ecology & Evolution Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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Natural Selection and Evolution

  • Natural Selection Causes Adaptation
    07:48
  • Adaptation Improves Fitness
    02:57
  • Evolution can Occur Via Natural Selection
    04:32

Introduction to Evolution and Natural Selection

  • Introduction to Evolution and Natual Selection Example 1
    03:22
  • Introduction to Evolution and Natual Selection Example 2
    04:28
  • Typological vs. Population Thinking
    03:56

Evidence of Evolution

  • Types of Homologies
    04:46
  • Evidence of Evolution Example 1
    02:27
  • Fossils
    06:11

Evolution of Populations

  • Evolution of Populations Example 1
    03:33
  • Introduction to Evolution of Populations
    05:14

Genetic Variation

  • Sources of Genetic Variation
    02:16
  • Sexual Reproduction and Recombination
    05:08
  • Mutations
    06:42

Genetics and Allele Frequencies

  • Allele Frequencies
    06:36
  • Mendelian and Population Genetics
    04:26
  • Genetics and Allele Frequencies Example 1
    02:56

Genetic Drift

  • Genetic Drift Example 1
    02:00
  • Genetic Drift Example 2
    02:37
  • Genetic Drift
    05:06

Gene Flow

  • Gene Flow Example 1
    04:34
  • Gene Flow
    01:43

Introduction to Speciation

  • Introduction to Speciation
    03:03

The Biological Species Concept

  • The Biological Species Concept Example 3
    02:15
  • Prezygotic Barriers
    05:18
  • The Biological Species Concept Example 1
    01:27

Allopatric and Sympatric Speciation

  • Allopatric and Sympatric Speciation
    02:46
  • Allopatric and Sympatric Speciation Example 1
    04:25
  • Allopatric Speciation
    03:53

Origin of Life

  • Origin of Life Example 1
    03:23
  • Events that Lead to the Formation of Cells
    06:38

History of Life on Earth

  • History of Life on Earth Example 1
    04:53
  • Geologic Record
    07:18

Extinctions

  • Cretaceous Extinction
    04:55
  • Extinctions
    04:48
  • Sixth Extinction
    02:29

Adaptive Radiation

  • Developmental Genes & Regulation
    06:12
  • Cambrian Explosion
    05:10
  • Adaptive Radiation Example 1
    06:17

Evolution of Complexity

  • Origin of Complex Traits
    06:15

Introduction to Phylogeny

  • Binomial Nomenclature
    02:32
  • Systematics
    06:57
  • Introduction to Phylogeny Example 1
    01:31

Phylogeny

  • Phylogeny Example 3
    04:12
  • Parts of a Phylogenetic Tree
    05:16
  • Phylogeny Example 1
    06:11

Building Phylogenetic Trees

  • Shared Derived Characters
    05:42
  • Parsimony
    06:46
  • Building Phylogenetic Trees Example 1
    04:35

Cladistics

  • Cladistics Example 1
    03:52
  • Monophyletic, Paraphyletic, & Polyphyletic Group
    06:37

Phylogenetics and Genome Evolution

  • The Molecular Clock
    05:13
  • Homologs: Orthologs & Paralogs
    05:29

Introduction to Ecology

  • Levels of Ecological Study
    05:01
  • Introduction to Ecology Example 1
    02:31
  • Environment vs. Habitat vs. Niche
    01:57

Introduction to Population Ecology

  • Factors Affecting Population Size (N)
    01:48
  • Population Size & Density
    01:52
  • Introduction to Population Ecology Example 3
    01:51

Introduction to Community Ecology

  • Introduction to Community Ecology
    02:03

Introduction to Community Interactions

  • Overview: Types of Community Interactions
    02:55
  • Introduction to Community Interactions Example 1
    02:23
  • Introduction to Community Interactions
    01:57

Community Interactions: Competition (-/-)

  • Resource Partitioning (Partial Niche Overlap)
    03:57
  • Competitive Exclusion Principle (Complete Niche Overlap)
    04:23
  • Community Interactions: Competition (-/-) Example 1
    04:23

Community Interactions: Exploitation (+/-)

  • 1) Exploitation (+/-): Predation
    01:42
  • 3) Exploitation (+/-): Parasitism
    02:37
  • Community Interactions: Exploitation (+/–)
    00:49

Community Interactions: Mutualism (+/+) & Commensalism (+/0)

  • Positive Interactions
    02:56
  • Summary of Community Interactions
    01:52

Community Structure

  • Community Structure Example 3
    02:22
  • Community Structure Example 1
    03:37
  • Community Structure
    04:25

Community Dynamics

  • Disturbances Make Communities Dynamic
    03:37
  • Secondary Ecological Succession
    02:31
  • Effects of Early-Arriving Species on Late-Arriving Species
    01:34

Geographic Impact on Communities

  • What is the Island Equilibrium Model?
    03:48
  • Geographic Impact on Communities Example 2
    03:54
  • Geographic Impact on Communities
    03:35

Introduction to Ecosystems

  • Grazing & Detritus-Based Food Chains
    03:29
  • Introduction to Ecosystems Example 2
    01:57
  • Introduction to Ecosystems
    04:07

Energy Flow Through Ecosystems

  • Gross Productive Energy vs. Assimilated Energy
    05:28
  • Energy Efficiency in Ecosystems
    06:28
  • Energy Flow Through Ecosystems Example 2
    07:07

Biogeochemical Cycles

  • Biogeochemical Cycles Example 2
    02:40
  • Carbon Cycle
    04:20
  • Nitrogen Cycle
    08:32

Conservation Biology

  • Biodiversity Hotspots and Endangered Species
    04:32
  • Biodiversity and Sustainability
    05:06
  • Pollution and Climate Change
    03:36