Question 1

Which process during meiosis is primarily responsible for increasing genetic diversity by exchanging segments of DNA between homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 2

A diploid human cell contains 46 chromosomes. After meiosis, how many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the Law of Segregation as discovered by Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Each individual has two alleles for each gene, and these alleles separate during gamete formation.

Question 4

A plant with genotype $$RrYy is $$crossed with another plant with genotype $$RrYy. $$What is the expected phenotypic ratio for the offspring if both traits show complete dominance?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red flower crossed with a white flower produces pink flowers.

Question 6

In a pedigree chart, which inheritance pattern is indicated if only males are affected and the trait is passed from affected fathers to all their sons?

Accepted Answer

Y-linked

Question 7

Which genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene and results in abnormally shaped red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Question 8

If a female cat is heterozygous for a gene on the X chromosome, what phenomenon can result in patches of different fur color?

Accepted Answer

X inactivation

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why linked genes do not always assort independently?

Accepted Answer

They are located close together on the same chromosome.

Question 10

A child is born with Down syndrome. Which chromosomal abnormality is responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21

Question 11

Which phase of meiosis is responsible for the random alignment of homologous chromosomes, contributing to genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase I

Question 12

What is the probability of obtaining a homozygous recessive offspring from a cross between two heterozygous parents ($$Aa 	imes Aa$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is true about mitochondrial DNA?

Accepted Answer

It is inherited only from the mother.

Question 14

Which event during meiosis ensures that each gamete contains only one allele for each gene?

Accepted Answer

Law of Segregation

Question 15

A man with blood type AB marries a woman with blood type O. What are the possible blood types of their children?

Accepted Answer

A and B only

Question 16

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed, showing both traits distinctly.

Question 17

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 18

A pedigree shows a trait that skips generations and affects males more than females. What is the most likely inheritance pattern?

Accepted Answer

X-linked recessive

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of environmental influence on phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Himalayan rabbit fur color changing with temperature

Question 20

If gene A and gene B are 15 map units apart, gene B and gene C are 10 map units apart, and gene A and gene C are 5 map units apart, what is the correct order of the genes on the chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A-C-B

Unit 5: Heredity – Comprehensive Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards