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Cell-Cell Junctions definitions

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  • Adherens Junction
    Anchors neighboring cells using cadherins linked to actin filaments, maintaining tissue structure and flexibility.
  • Desmosome
    Connects epithelial cells via cadherins attached to intermediate filaments, providing mechanical strength.
  • Hemidesmosome
    Links epithelial cells to the basal lamina, using similar proteins as desmosomes but with a different anchoring target.
  • Tight Junction
    Forms a seal between cells with claudins or occludins, preventing movement of water, ions, and proteins across cell layers.
  • Gap Junction
    Aligns plasma membranes with connexins, creating channels for water and inorganic ions to pass between cytosols.
  • Plasmodesmata
    Channels in plant cells connecting cytosols, allowing direct exchange of substances between adjacent cells.
  • Cadherin
    Calcium-dependent adhesion protein crucial for linking cells in adherens junctions and desmosomes.
  • Actin Filament
    Cytoskeletal component that interacts with cadherins in adherens junctions to anchor cells.
  • Intermediate Filament
    Structural protein network connected to cadherins in desmosomes, enhancing tissue resilience.
  • Claudin
    Integral membrane protein forming tight junctions, essential for creating selective barriers in tissues.
  • Occludin
    Transmembrane protein partnering with claudins to establish tight junctions and regulate paracellular transport.
  • Connexin
    Cylindrical protein assembling into gap junctions, facilitating direct cytoplasmic communication.
  • Basal Lamina
    Specialized extracellular matrix layer to which hemidesmosomes anchor epithelial cells.
  • Apical Surface
    Cellular region facing the lumen or external environment, often separated from the basal side by tight junctions.
  • Epithelial Cell
    Cell type forming protective layers, interconnected by various junctions to maintain tissue integrity.