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G1 Phase definitions

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  • G1 Phase
    Growth period after interphase where the cell increases in size and prepares essential components for division.
  • Start Checkpoint
    Critical control point ensuring the cell is ready to commit to DNA replication and division.
  • Mitogen
    Extracellular signal, such as a hormone or protein, that stimulates cellular growth and cell cycle entry.
  • Cyclin
    Regulatory protein whose levels fluctuate to control progression through specific cell cycle phases.
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase
    Enzyme activated by cyclins, driving cell cycle transitions by phosphorylating target proteins.
  • S Phase
    Cell cycle stage where DNA replication occurs, following successful completion of G1.
  • p53
    Transcription regulator that halts cell cycle progression in response to DNA damage, preventing faulty division.
  • G0 Phase
    Non-dividing state entered by cells with damage or insufficient growth, allowing repair or permanent exit from the cycle.
  • Apoptosis
    Programmed cell death mechanism activated when cellular damage is irreparable, ensuring tissue health.
  • S Cyclin-Dependent Kinase
    Protein complex initiating DNA replication by activating replication machinery at the start of S phase.
  • DNA Helicase
    Enzyme that unwinds DNA strands, enabling replication during S phase.
  • Pre-Replicative Complex
    Assembly of proteins at origins of replication, preparing DNA for synthesis in S phase.
  • Origin of Replication
    Specific DNA sequence where replication begins, marked by recruitment of replication proteins.
  • Transcription Factor
    Protein that regulates gene expression, often activated by mitogens during cell cycle progression.
  • Cell Cycle
    Ordered series of events including growth, DNA replication, and division, tightly regulated for cellular health.