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Model Organisms definitions

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  • Model Organism
    An organism selected for research due to rapid reproduction, genetic manipulability, and biological similarity to humans.
  • Genetic Redundancy
    The presence of multiple gene copies with similar functions, complicating mutant analysis in research.
  • Conservation
    A phenomenon where gene or protein sequences remain highly similar across different species.
  • E. coli
    A prokaryotic bacterium used for rapid division, DNA replication, and protein production in labs.
  • Yeast
    A single-celled eukaryote with a small genome, ideal for genetic screens and rapid laboratory growth.
  • Genetic Screen
    A technique involving mutagenesis to identify genes responsible for specific phenotypes.
  • Drosophila melanogaster
    A fruit fly model used for studying genetics, chromosomal biology, and developmental patterning.
  • C. elegans
    A transparent nematode with a fully mapped cell lineage, valuable for developmental biology studies.
  • Arabidopsis
    A small flowering plant with a genome size similar to humans, used for plant genetics research.
  • Zebrafish
    A vertebrate with transparent embryos, facilitating observation of internal development and gene function.
  • Frog
    An amphibian model with large eggs, useful for studying cell division and whole genome duplication.
  • Mouse
    A mammalian model sharing 99% of protein-coding genes with humans, crucial for disease research.
  • Cell Culture
    A laboratory method for growing cells in vitro to study cellular mechanisms and responses.
  • Retrovirus
    An RNA virus capable of integrating its genetic material into host chromosomes, enabling gene insertion.
  • HeLa Cells
    A human cervical cancer cell line widely used in cell culture for biological and medical research.