Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main contribution of Robert Hooke to cell biology?

Accepted Answer

He described chambers in cork and coined the term 'cells' while observing dead plant tissue.

Question 2

Which property is NOT a basic property of all cells?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why HeLa cells are significant in cell biology research?

Accepted Answer

They were the first human cells successfully cultured and have been used extensively in research.

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 5

Which of the following is true about viruses?

Accepted Answer

They are obligate intracellular parasites and require host machinery to replicate.

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond is the strongest under physiological conditions?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 7

Given the following reaction: $$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i$$, with $$\Delta G^\circ' = -7.3$$ kcal/mol, calculate $$\Delta G if$$ $$[\mathrm{ATP}] = 10 mM$$, $$[\mathrm{ADP}] = 1 mM$$, $$[\mathrm{P}_i] = 10 mM$.$$ Use $$R = 1.987$$ cal/mol·K and $$T = 298 K.$$

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = -11.5$$ kcal/mol

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They minimize pH fluctuations by binding or releasing H$$^+$$ and OH$$^-$$ ions.

Question 9

A solution has $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

pH = 5

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It involves the folding of the polypeptide into alpha helices and beta sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism releases energy by breaking down molecules, while anabolism consumes energy to build molecules.

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of prions?

Accepted Answer

They are infectious proteins that lack nucleic acid.

Question 13

Which of the following is a pyrimidine found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Thymine

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity increases with temperature up to an optimum, then decreases due to denaturation.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

It consists of two antiparallel strands forming a double helix.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak bond formed from the attraction of a hydrogen atom in a polar molecule to a negatively charged atom.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of a hydrophobic interaction?

Accepted Answer

Fat droplets aggregating in chicken soup

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly relates the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) to $$enthalpy ($$\Delta H$$), temperature ($$T$$), and entropy ($$\Delta S$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the equilibrium constant ($$K_{eq}) $$and standard free energy change ($$\Delta G^\circ') is $$correct?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G^\circ' = -RT \ln K_{eq}$$

Cell and Molecular Biology: Foundations, Biochemistry, and Bioenergetics

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