Q: Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \xrightarrow{\text{transcription}} \text{RNA} \xrightarrow{\text{translation}} \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains the endosymbiont theory for the origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria originated from the engulfment of smaller prokaryotic cells by a larger prokaryote, which then became a permanent organelle.

Question 2

A scientist is comparing the genomes of two species and finds that a particular gene is present in both, but with different functions. This gene is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Paralog

Question 3

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Their DNA is stored in a nucleoid and they lack a nuclear envelope.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a property shared by all living cells?

Accepted Answer

Mobility

Question 5

A cell that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen sulfide is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Lithotrophic

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{transcription}} 	ext{RNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{translation}} 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification, sorting, and secretion

Question 8

A mutation in a gene that is highly conserved across species is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Be deleterious due to the gene's essential function

Question 9

Which of the following statements about viruses is correct?

Accepted Answer

Viruses are non-living infectious agents that require a host cell for replication.

Question 10

Which model organism is most commonly used to study the genetics of development and body patterning?

Accepted Answer

Drosophila melanogaster

Question 11

A scientist is using a retrovirus to insert a gene into a mammalian cell. Which process allows the viral genome to become part of the host genome?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcription followed by integration into the host DNA

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a major structural component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the lysogenic cycle of a virus is correct?

Accepted Answer

The viral genome integrates into the host genome and can remain dormant.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of horizontal gene transfer?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium acquiring antibiotic resistance genes from another species via conjugation

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as the main energy currency, driving cellular reactions.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a tissue type found in animals?

Accepted Answer

Vascular

Question 17

Which of the following processes is responsible for the movement of molecules across the plasma membrane down their concentration gradient with the help of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have internal membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about gene expression in eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

It attaches cells together and provides structural support.

Cell Biology: Foundations, Cell Types, and Model Organisms

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