Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is then translated to protein.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new organism that stores its DNA in a nucleus, contains membrane-bound organelles, and divides by mitosis. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 3

Which of the following is a real-world example of horizontal gene transfer?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium acquiring antibiotic resistance genes from another species via a plasmid.

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

A mutation occurs in a gene that codes for a carrier protein in the plasma membrane. Which cellular process is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA?

Accepted Answer

They originated from free-living prokaryotes through endosymbiosis.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a property shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Mobility

Question 8

Which of the following metabolic pathways is responsible for the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 9

A multicellular organism is exposed to a toxin that disrupts the extracellular matrix. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Cells lose structural support and may detach from each other.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about gene families is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gene families arise primarily through gene duplication events.

Question 11

Which model organism is most commonly used to study the genetics of plant development?

Accepted Answer

Arabidopsis thaliana

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and secretion of proteins

Question 13

A scientist is using yeast to identify genes involved in cell division. Which experimental approach is most likely being used?

Accepted Answer

Genetic screens with mutagenized yeast cells

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as the main energy currency molecule for cellular activities.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires carrier proteins to move molecules across the plasma membrane.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 18

Which of the following model organisms is most suitable for studying the entire sequence of cell differentiation from zygote to adult?

Accepted Answer

Caenorhabditis elegans

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why gene expression is tightly regulated in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation are physically separated by the nuclear envelope.

Question 20

A researcher wants to study the effects of a new drug on human cell division. Which experimental system would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Cultured human cells (cell culture)

Introduction to Cell Biology: Properties, Evolution, and Model Organisms

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