Question 1

Which of the following best explains why hydrocarbons are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

They have a large number of nonpolar C-H bonds, which do not form hydrogen bonds with water.

Question 2

A triglyceride is formed by which type of reaction between glycerol and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration (condensation) reaction

Question 3

Which of the following fatty acids is most likely to be solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Stearic acid (18:0)

Question 4

Trans fats are considered unhealthy because they:

Accepted Answer

Are linked to cardiovascular disease due to their ability to raise LDL cholesterol

Question 5

Which structural feature of unsaturated fatty acids causes them to be liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Presence of cis double bonds that introduce kinks in the hydrocarbon chain

Question 6

Phospholipids are described as amphipathic molecules. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

They contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity across temperature changes

Question 8

A protein’s function is most directly determined by its:

Accepted Answer

Primary structure (sequence of amino acids)

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of defensive proteins?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the organism against disease

Question 10

Which type of bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 11

A single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of hemoglobin can lead to sickle-cell disease. Which levels of protein structure are affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 12

Which of the following environmental changes is most likely to cause protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

A significant change in pH

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

It forms a double helix with antiparallel strands

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why complementary base pairing is essential for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It ensures that each new DNA molecule is an exact copy of the original

Question 15

Which of the following modifications is commonly found on cytosine bases in DNA and can affect gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Methylation

Question 16

Which of the following statements about RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

RNA can have catalytic activity and diverse structures

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between cis and trans unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Cis fatty acids have hydrogen atoms on the same side of the double bond, causing a kink; trans have them on opposite sides, resulting in a linear shape.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of consuming a diet high in saturated and trans fats?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of molecular chaperones in protein folding?

Accepted Answer

They assist in the correct folding of proteins by preventing inappropriate interactions

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Lipids and Proteins: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

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