Q: Which equation best represents the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two nucleotides?

$$\text{Nucleotide}_1 + \text{Nucleotide}_2 \rightarrow \text{Nucleotide}_1\text{-}P\text{-}$$Nucleotide_2$$ + H_2O$$

Q: Which equation best represents the synthesis of a triacylglycerol from glycerol and fatty acids?

$$\text{Glycerol} + 3\ \text{Fatty Acids} \rightarrow \text{Triacylglycerol} + 3\ H_2O$$

Question 1

Which component of nucleic acids is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

the phosphate group

Question 2

A nucleotide is composed of which three components?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 3

Which of the following correctly describes the directionality of a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

It is written from the 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction

Question 4

Which equation best represents the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Nucleotide}_1 + 	ext{Nucleotide}_2 ightarrow 	ext{Nucleotide}_1	ext{-}P	ext{-}$$Nucleotide_2$$ + H_2O$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about complementary base pairing in DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds, and guanine pairs with cytosine via three hydrogen bonds

Question 6

You are investigating the structure of the seeds of a newly discovered tropical plant. There is storage material inside the seed. You treat the seed with peptidase, glycoside hydrolases, and amylase. Only the amylase appears to dissolve the storage material in the seed. What does this tell you about the identity of the storage material?

Accepted Answer

The seed contains starch to store carbon and energy.

Question 7

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 8

Which type of glycosidic bond is found in cellulose?

Accepted Answer

$$\beta(1 \rightarrow 4)$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the term 'amphipathic'?

Accepted Answer

Having both a polar and a nonpolar region

Question 10

Fatty acids are ________; they function in the cell as ________.

Accepted Answer

long, unbranched hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group at one end; building blocks for other lipids

Question 11

Which of the following is a major function of phospholipids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane structure

Question 12

Which equation best represents the synthesis of a triacylglycerol from glycerol and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glycerol} + 3\ 	ext{Fatty Acids} ightarrow 	ext{Triacylglycerol} + 3\ H_2O$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about steroids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Steroids are derivatives of a four-ringed hydrocarbon skeleton

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct general trend in the structure of biological polymers?

Accepted Answer

That the order and bonding of monomers form the basis for the three-dimensional structure and therefore function of the polymer

Question 15

A patient presents with a genetic disorder affecting the synthesis of β(1→4) glycosidic bonds. Which cellular structure is most likely to be compromised?

Accepted Answer

The plant cell wall

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why triacylglycerols containing mostly saturated fats are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have straight chains that pack tightly together

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleotide and its corresponding nucleoside in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the structure and function of α and β glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

α glycosidic bonds form loose helices suitable for storage, while β glycosidic bonds form rigid linear rods suitable for structure

Chapter 1 Part 2 Macromolecules of the Cell: Nucleic Acids, Polysaccharides, and Lipids

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