Question 1

Which of the following best describes the chemical bond formed during the synthesis of a polypeptide from amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A peptide bond formed by a dehydration reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.

Question 2

Which of the following amino acids is unique in that it does NOT have separate L and D isomers?

Accepted Answer

Glycine

Question 3

What is the primary structural difference between DNA and RNA nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

DNA nucleotides contain deoxyribose, while RNA nucleotides contain ribose.

Question 4

Which component of DNA and RNA is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

The phosphate group

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why proline is referred to as a 'helix breaker' in protein secondary structure?

Accepted Answer

It lacks the hydrogen atom needed for hydrogen bonding.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure is stabilized by interactions among R groups, including disulfide bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between a polypeptide and a protein?

Accepted Answer

Protein implies function, while polypeptide is a structural term.

Question 8

Hemoglobin is an example of a multimeric protein. Which statement best describes its structure?

Accepted Answer

It is a tetramer composed of two α and two β subunits.

Question 9

Which of the following bonds or interactions is NOT typically involved in stabilizing the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the directionality of nucleic acid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides are added to the 3' end of the growing chain.

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world example of a fibrous protein and its structural feature?

Accepted Answer

Keratin, which is composed of α helices

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine, and guanine forms three hydrogen bonds with cytosine.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of regulatory proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Controlling and coordinating cell function

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of a template in nucleic acid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It ensures that new nucleotides are added in the correct order by complementary base pairing.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It is specified by the order of nucleotides in the corresponding mRNA.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the bonds that link nucleotides together in a nucleic acid polymer?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of globular proteins?

Accepted Answer

They are folded into compact structures with unique tertiary structure.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleotide and its corresponding nucleoside?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the structure and function of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are globular proteins whose unique tertiary structure allows them to catalyze specific reactions.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the directionality of DNA and RNA strands?

Accepted Answer

Both DNA and RNA strands are conventionally written and synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.

Chapter 1 Macromolecules of the Cell: Structure and Function of Proteins and Nucleic Acids

Study Guide - Practice Questions