When a sample is placed on a chromatography column, which factor primarily determines how quickly a component moves through the column?

• A. The size of the chromatography column
• B. The color of the sample
• C. Its affinity for the stationary phase
• D. The temperature of the laboratory

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that chromatography separates components based on their interactions with two phases: the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
2. Recognize that the stationary phase is the material inside the column that does not move, while the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the sample through the column.
3. Identify that a component's movement speed depends on how strongly it interacts or 'affinity' with the stationary phase; stronger affinity means it spends more time attached and moves slower.
4. Note that factors like the size of the column or the color of the sample do not directly affect the movement speed of components in chromatography.
5. Conclude that the primary factor determining how quickly a component moves through the column is its affinity for the stationary phase.