Textbook Question
Write equations that show the process for a. the first two ionization energies of lead and b. the fourth ionization energy of zirconium.
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Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement146
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions200
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry176
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution155
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry126
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms131
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements126
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding123
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories143
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces91
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials122
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics174
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium101
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria139
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria146
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment72
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics129
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry142
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry101
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals68
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry66
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry10
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 7, Problem 42
rue or false: If the electron affinity for an element is a negative number, then the anion of the element is more stable than the neutral atom.
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Understand the concept of electron affinity: Electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom in the gaseous state to form an anion.
Recognize that a negative electron affinity value indicates that energy is released when an electron is added, suggesting that the anion is more stable than the neutral atom.
Consider the stability of the anion: If adding an electron releases energy (negative electron affinity), it implies that the anion is energetically favorable compared to the neutral atom.
Relate this to the stability of the anion: A more stable anion means it is lower in energy compared to the neutral atom, which is consistent with a negative electron affinity.
Conclude that if the electron affinity is negative, the anion is indeed more stable than the neutral atom, making the statement true.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Electron Affinity
Electron affinity is the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form a negative ion (anion). A negative electron affinity indicates that energy is required to add an electron, suggesting that the process is not energetically favorable.
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Electron Affinity
Stability of Anions
The stability of an anion compared to its neutral atom is influenced by the energy changes associated with electron addition. If the formation of the anion is energetically favorable (positive electron affinity), the anion is generally more stable than the neutral atom. Conversely, a negative electron affinity implies that the anion is less stable.
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Thermodynamic Favorability
Thermodynamic favorability refers to whether a reaction or process will occur spontaneously based on energy changes. If a process releases energy (exothermic), it is typically more favorable. In this context, a negative electron affinity suggests that forming the anion is not thermodynamically favorable, leading to lower stability compared to the neutral atom.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
a. Write an equation for the second electron affinity of chlorine.
b. Would you predict a positive or a negative quantity for this process?
Textbook Question
Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which atom of the following pairs will have the smaller first ionization energy: (a) Br, Kr (b) C, Ca (c) Li, Rb (d) S, Ge (e) Al, B.
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Textbook Question
Write equations that show the processes that describe the first, second, and third ionization energies of an aluminum atom. Which process would require the least amount of energy?
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Textbook Question
Which of the ions Ni2+, Fe2+, Co3+, and Pt2+ has an electron configuration of ππ6(π=3,4,5,β¦)?
a. Ni2+
b. Fe2+
c. Co3+
d. Pt2+
e. More than one of these
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