Textbook Question
The [Cr(H2O)6]3+ ion is violet, and [Cr(CN)6]3- is yellow. Explain this difference using crystal field theory. Use the colors to order H2O and CN- in the spectrochemical series.
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Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
Chapter 21, Problem 21.76
What role does EDTA4- play as a trace additive to mayonnaise? Would the glycinate ion (H2NCH2CH2NH2) be an effective substitute for EDTA4-?
Verified step by step guidance1
EDTA4- (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a chelating agent. It binds to metal ions, which prevents them from participating in reactions that could spoil the food. In the case of mayonnaise, EDTA4- binds to metal ions that could catalyze the oxidation of unsaturated fats, leading to rancidity.
The effectiveness of a chelating agent depends on its ability to form stable complexes with metal ions. EDTA4- is a hexadentate ligand, meaning it can form six bonds with a central metal ion. This results in a very stable complex, which is why EDTA4- is such an effective chelating agent.
The glycinate ion (H2NCH2CH2NH2) is a bidentate ligand, meaning it can form two bonds with a central metal ion. While it can act as a chelating agent, it will not form complexes as stable as those formed by EDTA4-.
Therefore, while the glycinate ion could potentially substitute for EDTA4- in mayonnaise, it would not be as effective at preventing spoilage.
Finally, it's important to note that any potential substitute for EDTA4- would also need to be safe for human consumption and not affect the taste or texture of the mayonnaise.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Chelation
Chelation is a chemical process where a molecule binds to a metal ion, forming a stable complex. EDTA<sup>4-</sup> is a chelating agent that effectively sequesters metal ions, preventing them from catalyzing undesirable reactions in food products like mayonnaise. This helps in preserving the quality and extending the shelf life of the product.
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01:21
Chelating Agents
Trace Additives
Trace additives are substances added in small amounts to food products to enhance their stability, safety, or nutritional value. In the case of mayonnaise, EDTA<sup>4-</sup> serves as a trace additive to inhibit oxidation and microbial growth by binding metal ions that could promote spoilage. Understanding the role of these additives is crucial for food chemistry.
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02:55Addition Reactions
Glycinate Ion Properties
The glycinate ion (H<sub>2</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>) is an amino acid derivative that can also act as a chelating agent, but its effectiveness compared to EDTA<sup>4-</sup> may vary. While glycinate can bind to certain metal ions, it may not form as stable or strong complexes as EDTA<sup>4-</sup>, making it less effective as a substitute in preserving food products like mayonnaise.
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02:54Physical Properties
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Explain why [CoCl4]2- (blue) and [Co(H2O)6]2+ (pink) have different colors. Which complex has its absorption bands at longer wavelengths?
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Textbook Question
Draw a crystal field energy-level diagram for the 3d orbitals of titanium in [Ti(H2O)6]3+]. Indicate the crystal field splitting, and explain why is [Ti(H2O)6]3+] colored.
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Textbook Question
The Ni2+(aq) cation is green, but Zn2+(aq) is colorless. Explain.
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Textbook Question
Predict the crystal field energy-level diagram for a square pyramidal ML5 complex that has two ligands along the axes but only one ligand along the z axis. Your diagram should be intermediate between those for an octahedral ML6 complex and a square planar ML4 complex.
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Textbook Question
For each of the following complexes, draw a crystal field energy-level diagram, assign the electrons to orbitals, and predict the number of unpaired electrons.
(d) [Cu(en)2]2+ (square planar)
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