Name each alcohol. d.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the longest carbon chain that contains the hydroxyl group (-OH). This chain will determine the base name of the alcohol.
2. Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end nearest to the hydroxyl group. This ensures the -OH group gets the lowest possible number.
3. Identify and name any substituents (alkyl groups or other functional groups) attached to the main carbon chain.
4. Combine the names of the substituents with the base name of the alcohol, placing the substituents in alphabetical order and using numbers to indicate their positions on the chain.
5. Add the suffix '-ol' to the base name to indicate the presence of the hydroxyl group, and place the number indicating the position of the -OH group before the suffix if necessary.

Key Concepts

Alcohol Functional Group

Alcohols are organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups. This functional group is responsible for the chemical properties of alcohols, including their ability to form hydrogen bonds, which affects their boiling points and solubility in water.

Nomenclature of Alcohols

The naming of alcohols follows specific IUPAC rules, where the longest carbon chain containing the hydroxyl group is identified, and the suffix '-ol' is added to the root name. The position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number, ensuring clarity in the structure of the compound.

Classification of Alcohols

Alcohols can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group is attached. A primary alcohol has the -OH group on a carbon bonded to one other carbon, a secondary alcohol is bonded to two, and a tertiary alcohol is bonded to three, influencing their reactivity and properties.