Naming Alcohols - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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1
concept
Rules for Naming Alcohols
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1m
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Now, before we delve into naming alcohols, recall that alcohols possess a hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl group is the Oh group, and it's connected to an s p 3 hybridized carbon. Here, the set of rules for naming alcohols are similar to alkanes, plus a modifier ending. Now here, what exactly is a modifier? Well, the modifier is the change to the suffix or ending because of the presence of a functional group. As we go from functional group to functional group, we're gonna have different types of modifiers. Now, here for alcohols, the modifier modifies the ending of the alkane name of e to ol. So instead of like pentane, we have pentanol. Here the naming convention is we have to give still the locations of our different substituents, remember those are our branch groups, the location of our parent in terms of our 0 h group, and then the modification to the ending. In this case going from an e ending to all. So keep this in mind when we're naming different types of alcohols.
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example
Naming Alcohols Example
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3m
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So here in this example question it says, name the following alcohol compound. Alright. So we're gonna use the following steps in order to name this particular alcohol. Here, step 1 says that we have to find the longest carbon chain. That longest carbon chain represents our parent chain. And we're gonna assign a name according to the prefixes and now modifier. Now, the parent chain should include the Oh group, since we're talking about an alcohol, and have the greatest number of carbons. Now, if a tie exists between longest chain, choose the chain with more substituents. This one is pretty straightforward. Our longest chain we can see is this portion right here, and we can see that the Oh and the Cls act as our substituents. So this leads us into step 2, assign name to all the substituents. Alright. So here our chlorines would be chloro. The alcohol itself is going to be a modifier, so we don't have to name it here. Next, we're going to say start numbering the chain from the end closest to the Oh group. If a tie, the number from the end closest to the next substituent. If still a tie, number in alphabetical order. Now, assign numerical location to the carbon with the Oh group. So here we've identified the 2 substituents in terms of Chlorine, we've looked at the longest chain, we know that Oh is gonna be our functional group that's going to modify the end of the name. So here we're going to repeat all the previous steps we've learned in terms of naming organic compounds, in particular alkanes with their substituents. The same rules will apply here. So here, I've already numbered the chain for us. We're numbering it from this end 1, because going 1, 2, we get to our 1st substituent. If we had numbered it from the other end, it would take us 123 before we get to a substituent. That takes too long. Alright. So now, let's finally name this. We're going to say here that a 6 carbon chain is hexane, but remember the presence of the o h changes the ending from e to ol, so it becomes hexanol. We have to state on what carbon the o h is for the alcohol, it's on carbon 3, so this would be 3 hexanol. Remember, we use a dash to separate numbers from letters. Next, we said that these chlorines are chloro, there are 2 of them, so that would be dichloro. And finally, we have to state on what carbons those 2 chlorines are found. They're found on carbons number 24. So this would be 2 dash, 2 comma 4 dash dichlorodash3 dashhexanol. So 24 dichloro3hexanol will be the name of this particular alcohol compound.
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Problem
Problem
Provide the systematic name for the following alcohol.
A
1-methyl-1-hydroxycyclohexane
B
1-methylcyclohexanol
C
1-methyl-1-hydroxyhexane
D
1-methylhexanol
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Problem
Problem
Provide the formal name for the following alcohol.
A
3-isopropyl-4,5,6-trimethyloctanol
B
2-isopropyl-1,3,4,5-tetramethylheptanol
C
3-isopropyl-4,5,6-trimethyl-2-octanol
D
6-isopropyl-3,4,5-trimethyl-2-octanol
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Problem
Problem
Which structure represents 2-bromo-2,3-dichloro-1-heptanol?