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Functional Groups quiz #1

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Terms in this set (12)

  • Which nitrogen base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
    Uracil is found in RNA but not in DNA; DNA contains thymine instead.
  • Which functional group is present in a carboxylic acid?
    A carboxylic acid contains the carboxyl group, which is represented as COOH.
  • What is the general rule for numbering the carbon chain when naming a molecule with a functional group?
    Number the chain from the end closest to the functional group to give the lowest possible number to its location.
  • Which functional groups are considered terminal and do not require a location number in their name?
    Carboxylic acids, esters, and aldehydes are terminal functional groups and do not require a location number.
  • How does the suffix of an alkane name change when a carboxylic acid functional group is present?
    The suffix changes from -ane to -oic acid when a carboxylic acid is present.
  • What is the shorthand notation for an aldehyde functional group?
    An aldehyde is often written as CHO, representing a carbon double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to hydrogen.
  • What is the structural difference between an ether and an ester functional group?
    An ether is C-O-C, while an ester is C double bonded to O and single bonded to O-C (COOC or CO2C).
  • What is a carbonyl group and in which functional groups is it commonly found?
    A carbonyl group is a C double bonded to O, and it is found in carboxylic acids, esters, aldehydes, and ketones.
  • How are numerical prefixes used when naming molecules with multiple identical substituents?
    Numerical prefixes like di-, tri-, tetra-, and penta- are used to indicate the number of identical substituents.
  • Which halogens are typically represented by the variable 'X' in alkyl halides?
    The variable 'X' in alkyl halides stands for fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, which are group 7A elements.
  • What structural feature makes a fatty acid an acid?
    A fatty acid is considered an acid because it contains a carboxylic acid functional group, which is represented as COOH. This group can donate a proton (H+), giving the molecule acidic properties.
  • How can you distinguish a saturated fatty acid from other types of fatty acids based on its structure?
    A saturated fatty acid has a hydrocarbon chain with only single bonds between carbon atoms (no double or triple bonds). This means all carbons are saturated with hydrogen atoms.