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Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties quiz #1 Flashcards

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Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties quiz #1
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  • Which factor contributes to a low viscosity of a liquid?
    A low viscosity is contributed by weak intermolecular forces and/or higher temperature, which allow molecules to move more freely and flow easily.
  • Do polar solutes prefer to interact with polar or nonpolar solvents?
    Polar solutes prefer to interact with polar solvents due to similar intermolecular forces, such as dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding.
  • Which of the following is broken when water evaporates?
    When water evaporates, intermolecular forces (specifically hydrogen bonds between water molecules) are broken.
  • Which of the following compounds has the lowest vapor pressure at room temperature?
    The compound with the strongest intermolecular forces will have the lowest vapor pressure at room temperature.
  • Which phase change involves an increase in the attractive force between molecules?
    Condensation (gas to liquid) or freezing (liquid to solid) involves an increase in the attractive force between molecules.
  • Which choice is not true of a liquid in a glass capillary with a convex meniscus?
    A convex meniscus indicates that cohesive forces between liquid molecules are stronger than adhesive forces with the glass; it is not true that adhesive forces dominate in this case.
  • Rank the boiling points of the following molecules from highest to lowest.
    To rank boiling points, compare the strength of intermolecular forces: molecules with stronger forces (like hydrogen bonding) have higher boiling points, while those with weaker forces (like London dispersion) have lower boiling points.
  • What physical property allows insects to walk on water, and what causes it?
    Surface tension allows insects to walk on water, and it is caused by strong cohesive forces between water molecules at the surface due to hydrogen bonding.
  • How does increasing temperature affect the viscosity of a liquid?
    Increasing temperature decreases the viscosity of a liquid, making it flow more easily because the molecules move faster and overcome intermolecular forces.
  • What is the relationship between intermolecular force strength and melting point?
    A stronger intermolecular force leads to a higher melting point because more energy is required to overcome the attractions between molecules in the solid phase.
  • How do intermolecular forces affect the boiling point of a substance?
    Stronger intermolecular forces lead to a higher boiling point because more energy is required to separate the molecules and convert the liquid into a gas.
  • What is the relationship between intermolecular forces and vapor pressure?
    There is an inverse relationship: stronger intermolecular forces result in lower vapor pressure because molecules are less likely to escape into the gas phase.
  • Which physical properties increase as intermolecular forces become stronger?
    Boiling point, melting point, surface tension, and viscosity all increase as intermolecular forces become stronger.
  • What happens to the viscosity of a substance when its temperature increases, and why?
    Viscosity decreases as temperature increases because the added heat allows molecules to move more freely, overcoming intermolecular forces.