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Filtration and Evaporation quiz

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  • What is the main purpose of filtration in chemistry?
    Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid in a mixture.
  • What is the solid left behind on the filter paper called after filtration?
    The solid left behind is called the residue.
  • What do we call the liquid that passes through the filter paper during filtration?
    The liquid that passes through is called the filtrate.
  • What common laboratory equipment is used to hold the filter paper during simple filtration?
    A funnel is used to hold the filter paper.
  • Why is filter paper described as a semi-permeable membrane?
    It allows the liquid (filtrate) to pass through but retains the solid (residue).
  • What is a practical, everyday example of filtration?
    A coffee filter separates coffee grounds (residue) from liquid coffee (filtrate).
  • What is the main disadvantage of simple filtration using just a funnel and flask?
    It is time-consuming and works best for solids that are not very dissolved.
  • What equipment is used for faster filtration and can help with recrystallization?
    A vacuum pump with a Büchner funnel is used for faster filtration and recrystallization.
  • How does a vacuum pump speed up the filtration process?
    It creates a vacuum that pulls the filtrate through the filter paper more quickly.
  • Why is vacuum filtration useful for partially dissolved solids?
    The vacuum lowers the temperature, which helps recrystallize the dissolved solid.
  • What is evaporation (or crystallization) used for in separation techniques?
    Evaporation separates a soluble solid from a liquid by vaporizing the solvent.
  • What equipment is typically used to heat the mixture during evaporation?
    A Bunsen burner and an evaporation bowl are used.
  • What remains in the bowl after the evaporation process is complete?
    Solid material remains after the liquid has vaporized.
  • How does evaporation differ from filtration in terms of the type of solid separated?
    Evaporation is used for soluble solids, while filtration is for insoluble solids.
  • What property of the solvent is crucial for the evaporation technique to work?
    The solvent must have a lower boiling point so it can be vaporized, leaving the solid behind.