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General Chemistry: Matter, Measurement, and Atomic Structure

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Terms in this set (14)

  • What is matter?

    Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

  • What are the three common states of matter?

    The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

  • Define a pure substance.

    A pure substance has a fixed composition and cannot be separated by physical means.

  • What is an element?

    An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means.

  • What is a compound?

    A compound is two or more elements chemically combined, such as water (H\(2\)O) or carbon dioxide (CO\(2\)).

  • How are elements organized in the periodic table?

    Elements are organized by increasing atomic number in the periodic table.

  • What subatomic particles make up an atom?

    Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons.

  • Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

    Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus of an atom.

  • Where are electrons found in an atom?

    Electrons orbit the nucleus in electron clouds or shells.

  • What type of bond forms when electrons transfer between a metal and a nonmetal?

    Ionic bonds form when electrons transfer between a metal and a nonmetal.

  • What type of bond forms when atoms share electron pairs?

    Covalent bonds form when atoms share electron pairs.

  • List the SI base units for length, mass, time, temperature, and amount of substance.

    SI units: meter (length), kilogram (mass), second (time), kelvin (temperature), and mole (amount of substance).

  • What do significant figures express in a measurement?

    Significant figures express the precision of a measurement.

  • How is density calculated?

    Density equals mass divided by volume: \(d=\frac{m}{V}\).