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GOB Chemistry: Polyatomic Ions

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is a polyatomic ion?

    A polyatomic ion is a charged species composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded that act as a single ion.

  • Give an example of a common polyatomic ion.

    The nitrate ion, \(\mathrm{NO_3^-}\), is a common polyatomic ion.

  • What charge does the sulfate ion have?

    The sulfate ion, \(\mathrm{SO_4^{2-}}\), has a charge of 2-.

  • How are polyatomic ions named?

    Polyatomic ions are named based on their composition and charge, often ending with -ate or -ite to indicate oxygen content.

  • What is the difference between -ate and -ite endings in polyatomic ions?

    -ate ions have more oxygen atoms than -ite ions of the same element.

  • What is the formula and charge of the ammonium ion?

    The ammonium ion has the formula \(\mathrm{NH_4^+}\) and a charge of 1+.

  • What polyatomic ion contains carbon and oxygen with a 2- charge?

    The carbonate ion, \(\mathrm{CO_3^{2-}}\), contains carbon and oxygen with a 2- charge.

  • How do you write the formula for a polyatomic ion in a compound?

    Use parentheses around the polyatomic ion if more than one is needed, then add the subscript outside, e.g., \(\mathrm{Ca(NO_3)_2}\).

  • What is the charge of the hydroxide ion?

    The hydroxide ion, \(\mathrm{OH^-}\), has a charge of 1-.

  • Name the polyatomic ion \(\mathrm{PO_4^{3-}}\).

    This is the phosphate ion with a charge of 3-.

  • What is the difference between the chlorate and chlorite ions?

    Chlorate (\(\mathrm{ClO_3^-}\)) has more oxygen atoms than chlorite (\(\mathrm{ClO_2^-}\)).

  • What polyatomic ion is commonly found in acids and has the formula \(\mathrm{NO_3^-}\)?

    The nitrate ion is commonly found in nitric acid.

  • How do you balance charges when writing formulas with polyatomic ions?

    Balance total positive and negative charges by adjusting the number of ions, using parentheses for polyatomic ions if needed.

  • What is the formula for the acetate ion?

    The acetate ion has the formula \(\mathrm{C_2H_3O_2^-}\) or \(\mathrm{CH_3COO^-}\).

  • Which polyatomic ion has the formula \(\mathrm{SO_3^{2-}}\)?

    This is the sulfite ion, which has fewer oxygen atoms than sulfate.

  • What is the charge on the cyanide ion?

    The cyanide ion, \(\mathrm{CN^-}\), has a charge of 1-.

  • How are polyatomic ions important in chemistry?

    They are essential in naming compounds, understanding reactions, and predicting properties of ionic substances.

  • What is the formula for the permanganate ion?

    The permanganate ion has the formula \(\mathrm{MnO_4^-}\).

  • What polyatomic ion is represented by \(\mathrm{Cr_2O_7^{2-}}\)?

    This is the dichromate ion with a charge of 2-.

  • What is the formula and charge of the phosphate ion?

    The phosphate ion is \(\mathrm{PO_4^{3-}}\) with a charge of 3-.