Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of a phospholipid in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group attached to a polar head.

Question 2

Which of the following is a disaccharide formed by the combination of glucose and fructose?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 3

Which type of bond connects glucose units in amylose?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-1,4 glycosidic bond

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct description of cholesterol's function in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It modulates membrane fluidity by preventing tight packing of phospholipids.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about unsaturated fatty acids is true?

Accepted Answer

They contain one or more double bonds, causing kinks in their hydrocarbon chains.

Question 6

Which reaction is responsible for the formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis (condensation)

Question 7

A patient with hypoglycemia has low blood glucose levels. Which carbohydrate would provide the fastest increase in blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

It is a polymer of glucose with beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds.

Question 10

Which of the following compounds is a steroid hormone derived from cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of a lipoprotein?

Accepted Answer

A complex of lipids and proteins that transports lipids in the blood.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct formula for the hydrolysis of maltose?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + H_2O \rightarrow 2C_6H_{12}O_6}$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why soaps are effective at cleaning?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, allowing them to emulsify oils and suspend dirt in water.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the physical properties of saturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

They are typically solid at room temperature due to straight hydrocarbon chains.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure of glycerol?

Accepted Answer

It is a three-carbon alcohol with the formula $\mathrm{C_3H_8O_3}$.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of arterial plaques in cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

They restrict blood flow by narrowing arteries, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the reaction that forms a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids react with one glycerol molecule, releasing three water molecules.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct formula for the formation of a glycosidic bond between two glucose molecules?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + H_2O}$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between amylose and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Amylose has alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds, while cellulose has beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds.

Carbohydrates and Lipids: Structures, Properties, and Biological Functions

Study Guide - Practice Questions