Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general formula for a monosaccharide, and what is the minimum value of $$n in $$this formula?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$, where $$n \geq 3$$

Question 2

A carbohydrate found in animal tissue that is highly branched is best classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharide

Question 3

Which of the following chemical formulas represents a simple carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 4

How many stereoisomers are possible for a monosaccharide with 4 chiral centers?

Accepted Answer

$$2^4 = 16$

Question 5

Which statement about Fischer projections is correct?

Accepted Answer

The chiral center is represented by the intersection of two lines.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes an epimer?

Accepted Answer

A diastereomer that differs in configuration at only one chiral center

Question 7

In the D/L system for monosaccharides, how is the configuration determined?

Accepted Answer

By the position of the –OH group on the penultimate (last chiral) carbon

Question 8

Which of the following statements about mutarotation is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

The $$\alpha$$ anomer does not convert into the open-chain form, but the $$\beta$$ anomer does.

Question 9

What is the product when an aldose sugar is reduced with $$H_2$$ and a nickel catalyst?

Accepted Answer

A sugar alcohol with all carbons connected to –OH groups

Question 10

Which of the following is a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

All monosaccharides

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a glycosidic linkage?

Accepted Answer

An ether bond between the anomeric carbon of one sugar and a hydroxyl group of another

Question 12

Which disaccharide forms a 1,1-glycosidic linkage?

Accepted Answer

Trehalose

Question 13

Which of the following contains galactose as one of the sugar subunits?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 14

Which plant-based polysaccharide possesses only $$\alpha-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages?

Accepted Answer

Amylose

Question 15

A patient with a rare metabolic disorder cannot break down the $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages in a certain polysaccharide. Which dietary component should they avoid?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between an $$\alpha-$$anomer and a $$\beta-$$anomer of a cyclic monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

The $$\alpha-$$anomer has the anomeric –OH and the CH$$_2OH $$group on opposite sides of the ring.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct common name for the sugar alcohol produced when D-galactose is reduced?

Accepted Answer

D-galactitol

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the oxidation of monosaccharides is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

Some ketose monosaccharides are not reducing sugars.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of polysaccharides in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support or energy storage.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct match between a polysaccharide and its description?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose: An unbranched polysaccharide composed of $$\beta-1$$,4 glycoside linkages.

Carbohydrates: Life's Sweet Molecules – Comprehensive Study Notes

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