Q: Which of the following is a correct balanced equation for the oxidation of glucose in living cells?

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general formula for carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$C_n(H_2O)_n$

Question 2

Which process in plants is responsible for the production of carbohydrates such as glucose?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 3

A monosaccharide with the molecular formula $C_5H_{10}O_5$ and an aldehyde group is classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Aldopentose

Question 4

Which of the following statements about chiral carbon atoms is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A chiral carbon is bonded to four different groups.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct balanced equation for the oxidation of glucose in living cells?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between structural isomers and stereoisomers?

Accepted Answer

Structural isomers have different bonding arrangements; stereoisomers have the same bonding sequence but differ in spatial arrangement.

Question 7

A patient with diabetes is advised to keep her pre-meal blood glucose at or below 110 mg/dL. If her pre-meal glucose is 105 mg/dL and her post-meal glucose is 170 mg/dL, what should she do according to Paula's advice?

Accepted Answer

She should lower the amount of carbohydrates she consumes.

Question 8

Which of the following is a ketose sugar with six carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

Fructose

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why only one enantiomer of a drug is usually biologically active?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes and receptors are chiral and only fit one enantiomer.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for fructose?

Accepted Answer

1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxy-2-hexanone

Question 11

In a Fischer projection, how is the D or L configuration of a monosaccharide determined?

Accepted Answer

By the position of the $-OH$ group on the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl carbon

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a chiral object?

Accepted Answer

A glove

Question 13

Which of the following best describes an enantiomer?

Accepted Answer

A stereoisomer that is a nonsuperimposable mirror image of another molecule

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Haworth structure of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

It is a cyclic representation of the monosaccharide.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of a Fischer projection?

Accepted Answer

A two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional molecule with the most oxidized carbon at the top

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A carbohydrate containing many monosaccharide units

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the biological activity of L-dopa and D-dopa?

Accepted Answer

L-dopa is effective in treating Parkinson's disease, while D-dopa is not.

Question 18

A molecule has the formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$ and contains a ketone group. Which type of carbohydrate is it?

Accepted Answer

Ketohexose

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of chirality in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Only one enantiomer of a drug may fit the active site of an enzyme, making the other enantiomer inactive.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose?

Accepted Answer

An aldose contains an aldehyde group; a ketose contains a ketone group.

Chapter 13: Carbohydrates and Chiral Molecules – Structured Study Notes

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