Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why noble gases are generally unreactive?

Accepted Answer

They have a full outermost energy level, satisfying the octet rule.

Question 2

How many valence electrons does a sulfur atom have, and what is its group number?

Accepted Answer

6 valence electrons; Group 6A

Question 3

Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with neon ($\mathrm{Ne}$)?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{F^-}$

Question 4

A magnesium atom ($\mathrm{Mg}$) reacts to form an ion. What is the formula and charge of the ion formed, and why?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Mg^{2+}}$; it loses two electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonding?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons.

Question 6

What is the correct formula for the ionic compound formed between calcium and chlorine?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{CaCl_2}$

Question 7

Which of the following molecules is nonpolar, despite having polar bonds?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{CO_2}$

Question 8

A patient is given 0.250 moles of glucose ($\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$) intravenously. What is the mass of glucose administered? (Molar mass of $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$ = 180.16 g/mol)

Accepted Answer

$45.0\ \mathrm{g}$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why water ($\mathrm{H_2O}$) has a bent molecular shape?

Accepted Answer

The two lone pairs of electrons on oxygen repel the hydrogen atoms, resulting in a bent shape.

Question 10

Which of the following compounds contains both ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{NaNO_3}$

Question 11

What is the correct name for the compound $\mathrm{N_2O_5}$?

Accepted Answer

Dinitrogen pentoxide

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the trend in electronegativity across a period in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

Electronegativity increases from left to right across a period.

Question 13

A sample contains $3.01 	imes 10^{23}$ molecules of $\mathrm{CO_2}$. How many moles of $\mathrm{CO_2}$ are present?

Accepted Answer

$0.500$ moles

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of ions in maintaining physiological balance in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Ions help maintain charge neutrality and fluid balance across cell membranes.

Question 15

Which of the following molecules is expected to have a trigonal pyramidal shape according to VSEPR theory?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{NH_3}$

Question 16

What is the total number of electrons in a neutral atom of phosphorus ($\mathrm{P}$), and how many are in its outermost energy level?

Accepted Answer

15 total electrons; 5 in the outermost energy level

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the type of bond and the electronegativity difference for a bond between sodium ($\mathrm{Na}$) and chlorine ($\mathrm{Cl}$)?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond; large electronegativity difference

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for methane ($\mathrm{CH_4}$)?

Accepted Answer

A central carbon atom with four single bonds to four hydrogen atoms, no lone pairs on carbon.

Question 19

A sample of sodium chloride ($\mathrm{NaCl}$) has a mass of $58.44\ \mathrm{g}$. How many moles of $\mathrm{NaCl}$ does this sample contain? (Molar mass of $\mathrm{NaCl}$ = $58.44\ \mathrm{g/mol}$)

Accepted Answer

$1.00$ mole

Chapter 3: Chemical Bonding, Electron Arrangement, and Molecular Structure

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