Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

An aldose contains an aldehyde functional group, while a ketose contains a ketone functional group.

Question 2

How many stereoisomers are possible for a monosaccharide with 4 chiral centers?

Accepted Answer

$2^4 = 16$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure of D-glucose in its ring form?

Accepted Answer

It forms a six-membered pyranose ring with the anomeric carbon bonded to two oxygens.

Question 4

Which statement about the Benedict’s test is correct?

Accepted Answer

It tests for the presence of an aldose by detecting its ability to reduce $Cu^{2+}$ to $Cu_2O$.

Question 5

Which of the following sugars is NOT a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 6

What is the glycosidic bond type in lactose?

Accepted Answer

$\beta(1 \rightarrow 4)$

Question 7

Which of the following is true about the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom at carbon 2 compared to ribose.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of a chiral center in a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A carbon atom with tetrahedral geometry bonded to four different atoms or groups.

Question 9

Which process converts galactose into glucose in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Epimerization by the enzyme epimerase.

Question 10

What is the main reason why sucrose is not a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

Both anomeric carbons are involved in the glycosidic bond, leaving no free anomeric carbon.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct formula for determining the number of possible stereoisomers for a monosaccharide with $n$ chiral centers?

Accepted Answer

$2^n$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the alpha and beta anomers of D-glucose is correct?

Accepted Answer

In the alpha anomer, the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon is on the opposite side of carbon 6.

Question 13

Which sugar is most abundant in nature and is commonly referred to as blood sugar?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of a condensation reaction in carbohydrate chemistry?

Accepted Answer

It joins two monosaccharides by forming a glycosidic bond and releasing a molecule of water.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world application of sugar alcohols such as sorbitol and xylitol?

Accepted Answer

They are used as low-calorie sweeteners in drinks and candies.

Question 16

Which monosaccharide is found in cranberries and is promoted for urinary tract health, despite recent studies questioning its effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

Mannose

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the Fischer projection of D-sugars?

Accepted Answer

The hydroxyl group on the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl is on the right side.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by cells not responding to insulin, often managed by lifestyle changes and medication.

Question 19

Which of the following correctly describes the formation of a hemiacetal in monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A carbonyl group reacts with a hydroxyl group within the same molecule, forming a ring structure.

Chapter 6: Sugars – Structure and Chemistry of Monosaccharides

Study Guide - Practice Questions