Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general structure of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A central carbon atom bonded to a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group.

Question 2

At a pH below the isoelectric point ($$pI) of an $$amino acid, what is the predominant charge on the molecule?

Accepted Answer

Positive

Question 3

Which attractive force is primarily responsible for maintaining the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms

Question 4

Which of the following best distinguishes protein denaturation from protein hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation disrupts the three-dimensional structure without breaking peptide bonds, while hydrolysis breaks peptide bonds.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a protein whose structure directly dictates its function?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin, whose quaternary structure allows it to bind and release oxygen efficiently.

Question 6

Which statement correctly describes the lock-and-key model of enzyme action?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme's active site is a rigid shape that fits the substrate exactly.

Question 7

Which factor will most likely decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

Lowering the temperature below the enzyme's optimal range

Question 8

Which of the following is a competitive inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding

Question 9

Which nitrogenous base is a purine found in both DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 10

Which sugar is present in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Ribose

Question 11

Given the DNA sequence 5'-ATCG-3', what is the complementary DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

3'-TAGC-5'

Question 12

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 13

Transcribe the DNA sequence 3'-TACGGA-5' into mRNA.

Accepted Answer

5'-AUGCCU-3'

Question 14

A mutation changes the mRNA codon from $$	ext{GAA} to$$ $$	ext{GUA}. $$What effect will this have on the protein sequence?

Accepted Answer

The amino acid changes from glutamic acid to valine.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a structural component of a virus?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 16

Which process is used in DNA technology to cut and paste DNA fragments from different sources?

Accepted Answer

Recombinant DNA

Question 17

Which of the following best describes catabolism?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy

Question 18

Which nucleotide is in its high-energy form when it is reduced?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 19

During glycolysis, glucose ($$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6) is $$converted to two molecules of pyruvate ($$	ext{C}_3	ext{H}_4	ext{O}_3). $$What is the net ATP gain per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 20

How many ATP molecules are produced from the complete aerobic oxidation of one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$36$$-$$38$$

CHEM 102 Exam 5 Study Guide: Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Metabolism (Ch. 10-12)

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