Question 1

Which of the following best describes an enantiomer in organic chemistry?

Accepted Answer

A stereoisomer that is a non-superimposable mirror image of another molecule.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the entropy ($S$) of a system is correct?

Accepted Answer

Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system.

Question 3

A reaction has $\Delta H = -150 \ \mathrm{kJ}$ and $\Delta S = +200 \ \mathrm{J/K}$. At what temperature (in Kelvin) does the reaction become non-spontaneous? Use $\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$.

Accepted Answer

$T = 750 \ \mathrm{K}$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 5

Which process best describes the hydrolysis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Breaking a glycosidic bond using water to produce two monosaccharides.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose contains $\alpha(1 \rightarrow 4)$ linkages only, while amylopectin contains both $\alpha(1 \rightarrow 4)$ and $\alpha(1 \rightarrow 6)$ linkages.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct definition of an exothermic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases heat to the surroundings.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct structure for D-glucose in its Fischer projection?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl groups on C2, C4, and C5 on the right; C3 on the left.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about the oxidation of glucose in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It produces carbon dioxide, water, and releases energy.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about chiral centers?

Accepted Answer

A chiral center is a carbon atom bonded to four different groups.

Question 11

Which of the following reactions is a condensation reaction?

Accepted Answer

Two monosaccharides join to form a disaccharide, releasing water.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct definition of activation energy ($E_a$)?

Accepted Answer

The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between cellulose and starch?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains $\beta(1 \rightarrow 4)$ linkages, while starch contains $\alpha(1 \rightarrow 4)$ linkages.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the activation energy and increases the reaction rate.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating Gibbs free energy change ($\Delta G$)?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between aldoses and ketoses?

Accepted Answer

Aldoses have a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain; ketoses have it within the chain.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct definition of an endergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that absorbs energy and has a positive $\Delta G$.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between maltose and sucrose?

Accepted Answer

Maltose is composed of two glucose units; sucrose is composed of glucose and fructose.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct definition of a stereoisomer?

Accepted Answer

Compounds with the same molecular formula and connectivity but different spatial arrangement of atoms.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the effect of temperature on reaction rate?

Accepted Answer

Increasing temperature increases the reaction rate by providing more molecules with energy greater than $E_a$.

CHEM 1150 Exam 3 Study Guide: Organic Compounds, Thermodynamics, and Carbohydrates

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