Question 1

Which of the following phase changes is both endothermic and results in an increase in entropy?

Accepted Answer

Melting of ice

Question 2

A sample of gas is compressed from 2.0 L to 0.50 L at constant temperature. If the initial pressure was 1.2 atm, what is the final pressure? (Use Boyle’s Law: $$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2)$$

Accepted Answer

$$4.8\ \mathrm{atm}$$

Question 3

Which of the following substances would you expect to have the highest boiling point, and why?

Accepted Answer

Acetic acid, because it can form hydrogen bonds and has dipole-dipole and London dispersion forces

Question 4

A 3.0 L sample of gas at 25°C is heated to 75°C at constant pressure. What is the new volume? (Use Charles’s Law: $$\frac{V_1$}{T_1$} = \frac{V_2$}{T_2$}$$, temperatures in K)

Accepted Answer

$$3.6\ \mathrm{L}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water has a much higher boiling point than hydrogen sulfide ($$\mathrm{H_2S}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules form strong hydrogen bonds, while $$\mathrm{H_2S}$$ does not

Question 6

A steel cylinder contains 5.54 kg of methane ($$\mathrm{CH_4$}) in a 43.8 L $$volume at 20.0°C. What is the pressure inside the cylinder in atmospheres? (Molar mass of $$\mathrm{CH_4$} = 16.0 g/$$mol, $$R = 0.0821\ \mathrm{L\cdot atm\cdot $$mol^{-1}$$\cdot K$$^{-1}$$})$$

Accepted Answer

$$192\ \mathrm{atm}$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the kinetic-molecular theory of gases is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Gas particles experience strong attractive forces with each other

Question 8

A mixture of gases contains 70% nitrogen, 20% oxygen, and 10% argon by volume at a total pressure of 1.0 atm. What is the partial pressure of oxygen? (Use Dalton’s Law: $$P_{	ext{O}_2$$} = $$X_{	ext{O}_2$$} 	imes P_{	ext{total}}$$)

Accepted Answer

$$0.20\ \mathrm{atm}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a metallic solid?

Accepted Answer

A solid with metal cations in a sea of delocalized electrons, allowing for conductivity and malleability

Question 10

A 0.300 mol sample of naphthalene (molar mass = 128 g/mol) requires 19.0 kJ/mol to melt. How much heat is required to melt the sample? (Use: $$q = n 	imes \Delta H_{fus})$$

Accepted Answer

$$5.7\ \mathrm{kJ}$$

Question 11

Which of the following changes will increase the vapor pressure of a liquid?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the temperature

Question 12

A 6.3 L sample of helium gas at 1.2 atm and 300 K is transferred to a 2.0 L tank and maintained at a pressure of 2.8 atm. What temperature is needed to maintain this pressure? (Use the combined gas law: $$\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1$} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2$})$$

Accepted Answer

$$340\ \mathrm{K}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of amorphous solids?

Accepted Answer

They soften over a wide temperature range and lack long-range order

Question 14

A room measures 4.11 m wide, 5.36 m long, and 2.58 m high. How many moles of air are present at STP? (1 mol gas at STP = 22.4 L)

Accepted Answer

$$254\ \mathrm{mol}$$

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the boiling point of a liquid is correct?

Accepted Answer

The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure

Question 16

A gas sample has a pressure of 2.0 atm, a volume of 5.0 L, and a temperature of 300 K. How many moles of gas are present? (Use the ideal gas law: $$PV = nRT$$, $$R = 0.0821\ \mathrm{L\cdot atm\cdot $$mol^{-1}$$\cdot K$$^{-1}$$})$$

Accepted Answer

$$0.41\ \mathrm{mol}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why ionic solids, such as sodium chloride, have high melting points?

Accepted Answer

They are held together by strong electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a type of intermolecular force?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 19

A patient receives 500 mL of oxygen gas at 1.0 atm and 25°C. If the gas is warmed to body temperature (37°C) at constant pressure, what will be the new volume? (Use Charles’s Law: $$\frac{V_1$}{T_1$} = \frac{V_2$}{T_2$}$$, temperatures in K)

Accepted Answer

$$521\ \mathrm{mL}$$

Gases, Liquids, and Solids: States of Matter and Their Properties

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