$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A fatty acid tail

Question 2

What is the main difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide contains a phosphate group, while a nucleoside does not.

Question 3

Which of the following bases is found only in RNA and not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the linkage between nucleotides in a polynucleotide chain?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the reverse complement of 5’ AGT ACC TGT GAT 3’?

Accepted Answer

5’ ATC ACA GGT ACT 3’

Question 6

Which of the following statements about DNA structure is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The bases are perpendicular to the backbone and point toward the center.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why GC base pairs stabilize the DNA double helix more than AT base pairs?

Accepted Answer

GC pairs form three hydrogen bonds, while AT pairs form two.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of nucleotides in the cell?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 9

Which cofactor does NOT contain a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

TPP

Question 10

A sample of double-stranded DNA contains 15% adenine. According to Chargaff’s rules, what percentage of guanine does it contain?

Accepted Answer

35%

Question 11

Which amino acid is most likely to be found in high amounts in DNA-binding histone proteins?

Accepted Answer

Lysine

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of semiconservative DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA double helix contains one old strand and one new strand.

Question 13

Which of the following is a mutagen that can cause DNA mutations?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of histones in DNA packaging?

Accepted Answer

They are basic proteins that DNA wraps around to form nucleosomes.

Question 15

Which of the following is the most compact form of DNA organization in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 17

Which of the following interactions primarily stabilize the double-helical structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Dispersion forces (stacking energy) between the aromatic bases

Question 18

A protein binds DNA using a specific binding pocket on its surface. Which amino acid residue would you expect to find there?

Accepted Answer

Lysine

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why uracil is not used in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil is the product of cytosine deamination and is recognized as a mutation in DNA.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA that directs the synthesis of a single polypeptide.

Nucleic Acid Structure: DNA, RNA, and Their Biological Functions

Study Guide - Practice Questions