Question 1

Which of the following best describes the energy source that drives the synthesis of nucleic acids during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of phosphoanhydride bonds in dNTPs

Question 2

During DNA replication, what is the role of helicase?

Accepted Answer

It unwinds the DNA double helix by hydrolyzing ATP.

Question 3

Which of the following sequences is most likely to be found at an origin of replication in eukaryotic DNA?

Accepted Answer

...ATA TTA ATC TTA...

Question 4

How many ATP equivalents are hydrolyzed to add 10 nucleotides to a growing DNA strand by DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

$$20$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about DNA polymerase is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

It can initiate synthesis of a new DNA strand without a primer.

Question 6

Why is the lagging strand synthesized discontinuously during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Because DNA polymerase can only synthesize in the 5' to 3' direction, and the lagging strand template is oriented 3' to 5' relative to the fork movement.

Question 7

Which protein increases the processivity of DNA polymerase during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA clamp

Question 8

What is the function of telomerase in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It extends the ends of linear chromosomes by adding repetitive DNA sequences.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated to protein.

Question 10

Which type of RNA serves as the template for protein synthesis during translation?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 11

Given the DNA template strand 5' TTT CAG GTG CAT 3', what is the sequence of the mRNA transcribed from it?

Accepted Answer

5' UUU CAG GUG CAU 3'

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a similarity between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Template becomes part of the product

Question 13

How many ATP equivalents are hydrolyzed to add 10 nucleotides to a growing RNA strand by RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

$$20$$

Question 14

Which of the following sequences is translated into protein?

Accepted Answer

Exon

Question 15

Which step(s) of DNA replication use phosphoanhydride hydrolysis for energy?

Accepted Answer

Initiation, elongation, and termination

Question 16

A mutation prevents the removal of RNA primers during DNA replication. Which enzyme is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Endonuclease

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why origins of replication are rich in A-T base pairs?

Accepted Answer

A-T base pairs have weaker interactions and are easier to separate than G-C base pairs.

Question 18

Which of the following modifications occurs to eukaryotic mRNA after transcription but before translation?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap and 3' poly-A tail, and splicing to remove introns

Question 19

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer required for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of single-stranded binding proteins during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

They prevent reannealing of the separated DNA strands.

Lec 13 Nucleic Acid Synthesis: Replication and Transcription (GOB Chemistry Study Guide)

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