Question 1

Which of the following best describes the energy source that drives the synthesis of nucleic acids during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of phosphoanhydride bonds in dNTPs

Question 2

How many ATP equivalents are hydrolyzed during the addition of a single nucleotide by DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 3

Which of the following sequences is most likely to be found at an origin of replication in eukaryotic DNA?

Accepted Answer

...ATA TTA ATC TTA...

Question 4

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 5

Why is the lagging strand synthesized discontinuously during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase can only synthesize in the $$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction, but the lagging strand template is oriented $$3' \rightarrow 5'$$

Question 6

Which protein increases the processivity of DNA polymerase during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA clamp

Question 7

What is the function of telomerase in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It extends the ends of linear chromosomes to allow complete replication

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated to protein

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a similarity between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Template becomes part of the product

Question 10

Given the DNA template strand 5' TTT CAG GTG CAT 3', what is the sequence of the mRNA transcribed from it?

Accepted Answer

UAC GUG GAC UUU

Question 11

Which step(s) of DNA replication use phosphoanhydride hydrolysis for energy?

Accepted Answer

Initiation, elongation, and termination

Question 12

Which of the following modifications occurs to eukaryotic mRNA after transcription but before translation?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap and 3' poly-A tail, and splicing to remove introns

Question 13

Which sequence is translated into protein during gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Exon

Question 14

A mutation causes the loss of 3' OH group in a nucleotide being added during DNA synthesis. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

DNA synthesis will terminate at that point

Question 15

How many ATP equivalents are used to drive the synthesis of 10 bases on an RNA strand by RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

$$20$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why origins of replication are rich in A-T base pairs?

Accepted Answer

A-T base pairs have weaker hydrogen bonds than G-C pairs, making them easier to separate

Question 17

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of topoisomerase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It relieves strain from overwound DNA ahead of the replication fork

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the directionality of DNA synthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA in the $$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction only

LEC 13Nucleic Acid Synthesis: Replication and Transcription

Study Guide - Practice Questions