Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a functional group in organic chemistry?

Accepted Answer

A group of atoms bonded in a particular way that determines the chemical reactivity of a molecule.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct example of a heteroatom commonly found in organic functional groups?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 3

A molecule contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. Which functional group does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Carbonyl group

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a chiral center in a molecule?

Accepted Answer

A tetrahedral carbon atom bonded to four different atoms or groups.

Question 5

Which of the following is true about enantiomers?

Accepted Answer

They are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between a primary and a secondary alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A primary alcohol has one alkyl group attached to the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl group, while a secondary alcohol has two.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

A sugar that contains an aldehyde group and can be oxidized.

Question 8

Which of the following is the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$C_n(H_2O)_n$

Question 9

How many stereoisomers are possible for a sugar molecule with 3 chiral centers?

Accepted Answer

$2^3 = 8$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to hydrolyze the $\beta$-glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the hydrolysis of sucrose is correct?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose is hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is a linear polymer of glucose, while amylopectin is branched.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Increasing temperature increases the kinetic energy of molecules, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A catalyst speeds up a reaction by lowering the activation energy and is not consumed in the reaction.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct relationship for Gibbs free energy ($\Delta G$)?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$

Question 16

A reaction has $\Delta H = -50$ kJ and $\Delta S = +100$ J/K. At $T = 298$ K, what is $\Delta G$ for the reaction? (1 kJ = 1000 J)

Accepted Answer

$\Delta G = -50\ 	ext{kJ} - (298\ 	ext{K} 	imes 0.1\ 	ext{kJ/K}) = -50\ 	ext{kJ} - 29.8\ 	ext{kJ} = -79.8\ 	ext{kJ}$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between a condensation and a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A condensation reaction joins molecules and produces water, while a hydrolysis reaction breaks bonds using water.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of glycogen compared to amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is more highly branched than amylopectin, with branches every 8-12 glucose units.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why increasing the concentration of reactants increases the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

More reactant molecules are available to collide, increasing the frequency of effective collisions.

Organic Molecules, Functional Groups, and Isomerism: GOB Chemistry Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions