Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a functional group in organic chemistry?

Accepted Answer

A group of atoms bonded in a particular way that imparts specific chemical properties to a molecule.

Question 2

Which functional group is present in all carboxylic acids?

Accepted Answer

A carbonyl group ($\mathrm{C=O}$) bonded to a hydroxyl group ($\mathrm{OH}$)

Question 3

Which of the following molecules contains a chiral center?

Accepted Answer

A carbon atom bonded to a methyl group, an ethyl group, a hydroxyl group, and a hydrogen atom.

Question 4

Which statement about enantiomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enantiomers have identical physical properties except for their interaction with plane-polarized light.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct definition of a structural isomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms.

Question 6

Which of the following is true about the oxidation of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation of an aldose produces a sugar acid.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

A sugar that can be oxidized and acts as a reducing agent.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_n(H_2O)_n}$, where $n \geq 3$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the formation of glycosidic bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

A glycosidic bond is formed by a condensation reaction that releases water.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is a linear polymer of D-glucose units, while amylopectin is branched.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the classification of alcohols in sugars?

Accepted Answer

Primary alcohols have one alkyl group attached to the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl group.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the entropy ($\Delta S$) change when ice melts?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta S$ increases because the system becomes more disordered.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct definition of Gibbs free energy ($G$)?

Accepted Answer

The amount of energy present in molecules available to do work.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about catalysts in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Catalysts speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy and remain unchanged after the reaction.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between hydrolysis and condensation reactions?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis breaks glycosidic bonds using water, while condensation forms glycosidic bonds and releases water.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the structure of glycogen compared to amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is more highly branched than amylopectin, with branches every 12 glucose units.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about soluble and insoluble dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber mixes with water to form a gel-like substance, while insoluble fiber does not mix with water.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the number of stereoisomers for a molecule with $n$ chiral centers?

Accepted Answer

$2^n$

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the absorption of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and fructose are absorbed directly into the bloodstream.

Organic Molecules, Functional Groups, and Isomerism in GOB Chemistry

Study Guide - Practice Questions