Q: A nurse needs to prepare a saline solution for a patient. If she dissolves 9 grams of NaCl in enough water to make 500 mL of solution, what is the mass/volume percent ($$\% m/v) of $$NaCl in the solution?

$$\frac{9\,\text{g}}{500\,\text{mL}} \times 100 = 1.8\%$$

Q: Which statement about acids and bases is correct according to the Brønsted-Lowry definition?

An acid is a substance that donates a proton ($$\text{H}^+$$), and a base is a substance that accepts a proton.

Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the density of a substance?

$$\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$$

Q: Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the neutralization of hydrochloric acid ($$\text{HCl}) $$with sodium hydroxide ($$\text{NaOH}$$)?

$$\text{HCl} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{NaCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an ionic and a molecular compound?

Accepted Answer

Ionic compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals, while molecular compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between nonmetals.

Question 2

A nurse needs to prepare a saline solution for a patient. If she dissolves 9 grams of NaCl in enough water to make 500 mL of solution, what is the mass/volume percent ($$\% m/v) of $$NaCl in the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{9\,	ext{g}}{500\,	ext{mL}} 	imes 100 = 1.8\%$$

Question 3

Which statement about acids and bases is correct according to the Brønsted-Lowry definition?

Accepted Answer

An acid is a substance that donates a proton ($$	ext{H}^+$$), and a base is a substance that accepts a proton.

Question 4

A patient’s blood pH is measured at 7.25. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing acidosis, as the blood is more acidic than normal.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for a neutral atom of oxygen ($$Z=8$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$\,$$2s^2$$\,$$2p^4$$

Question 6

A chemical reaction is represented by the equation: $$2	ext{H}_2 + 	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 2	ext{H}_2	ext{O}. If $$you start with 4 moles of $$	ext{H}_2$$ and excess $$	ext{O}_2$$, how many moles of $$	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$$ will be produced?

Accepted Answer

4 moles

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water is a liquid at room temperature while methane ($$	ext{CH}_4) is a $$gas?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules form hydrogen bonds, which are stronger than the dispersion forces in methane.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are polymers made up of monosaccharide units.

Question 9

A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.5 moles of glucose ($$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6) in $$enough water to make 1.0 L of solution. What is the molarity ($$M) of $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5\,M$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct application of the law of conservation of mass in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the density of a substance?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Density} = \frac{	ext{Mass}}{	ext{Volume}}$$

Question 12

A sample of gas occupies 2.0 L at 1.0 atm. If the pressure is increased to 2.0 atm at constant temperature, what will be the new volume of the gas? (Assume ideal gas behavior.)

Accepted Answer

$$1.0\,	ext{L}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about proteins?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are polymers made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the neutralization of hydrochloric acid ($$	ext{HCl}) $$with sodium hydroxide ($$	ext{NaOH}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{HCl} + 	ext{NaOH} ightarrow 	ext{NaCl} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$$

Question 15

Which of the following statements about lipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are composed mainly of fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 16

A student mixes 50 mL of 0.2 M NaOH with 50 mL of 0.2 M HCl. What is the pH of the resulting solution?

Accepted Answer

pH = 7

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids are polymers made up of nucleotide units.

Question 18

A patient receives an intravenous solution containing glucose at a concentration of 5% (m/v). How many grams of glucose are present in 250 mL of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$5\,	ext{g} 	imes \frac{250\,	ext{mL}}{100\,	ext{mL}} = 12.5\,	ext{g}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the percent yield of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Percent Yield} = \frac{	ext{Actual Yield}}{	ext{Theoretical Yield}} 	imes 100$$

Principles of Chemistry (CHEM 101) Syllabus and Course Structure

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