Question 1

A solution is prepared by dissolving 25 g of sugar in 100 g of water. Which of the following correctly identifies the solute and the solvent?

Accepted Answer

Sugar is the solute; water is the solvent.

Question 2

Which statement best explains the phrase 'like dissolves like' in chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.

Question 3

Will oil (a nonpolar substance) dissolve in water (a polar substance)? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

No, because nonpolar substances do not interact favorably with polar solvents like water.

Question 4

Which of the following is a strong electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride ($\mathrm{NaCl}$)

Question 5

A 1.0 M solution of potassium sulfate ($\mathrm{K_2SO_4}$) contains how many equivalents of potassium ions ($\mathrm{K^+}$) per liter?

Accepted Answer

$2$ equivalents

Question 6

In a solution, the total equivalents of positive charges must equal the total equivalents of ________ charges.

Accepted Answer

negative

Question 7

What is the molarity of a solution containing $2$ moles of $\mathrm{NaCl}$ in $0.50$ liters of solution?

Accepted Answer

$4.0$ M

Question 8

How many moles of solute are present in $2.25$ liters of a $0.80$ M solution?

Accepted Answer

$1.8$ moles

Question 9

If you have $100$ mL of a $2.0$ M HCl solution and you dilute it to a final volume of $500$ mL, what is the concentration of the diluted solution?

Accepted Answer

$0.40$ M

Question 10

Write the equation for the auto-dissociation of water.

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{2H_2O(l) \rightarrow H_3O^+(aq) + OH^-(aq)}$

Question 11

What is the value of the ion product constant for water ($K_w$) at $25^\circ$C?

Accepted Answer

$1.0 	imes 10^{-14}$

Question 12

Calculate the pH of a solution with a $[H^+]$ concentration of $1.0 	imes 10^{-9}$ M.

Accepted Answer

$9.0$

Question 13

A solution has a pH of $12$. What is the $[H^+]$ concentration?

Accepted Answer

$1.0 	imes 10^{-12}$ M

Question 14

Which of the following best defines a buffer solution?

Accepted Answer

A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

Question 15

According to the Arrhenius definition, what does an acid produce when dissolved in water?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{H^+}$ ions

Question 16

Are strong acids strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, or nonelectrolytes?

Accepted Answer

Strong electrolytes

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating pH from $[H^+]$?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{pH = -\log[H^+]}$

Question 18

A solution contains $15$ grams of solute per $75$ grams of water at a temperature where the solubility is $20$ grams per $100$ grams of water. Which term best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated

Question 19

Calculate the mass percent (% m/m) of a solution made by dissolving $50$ g of glucose in $200$ g of water.

Accepted Answer

$20\%$

Question 20

Which of the following best defines an electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

A substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water.

Solutions and Acids & Bases: Key Concepts and Calculations

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