Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondrion in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It produces ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of a nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Which domain of life does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the relationship between cell size and surface area is correct?

Accepted Answer

As cell size increases, the surface area-to-volume ratio decreases.

Question 4

Which type of microscopy would be most appropriate for observing the internal structure of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy

Question 5

Which element is most abundant in the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 6

Why is reductionism important in biological research?

Accepted Answer

It helps break down complex systems into simpler components for analysis.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why DNA is important for living organisms?

Accepted Answer

DNA encodes the instructions for building proteins.

Question 8

Which of the following bonds is responsible for holding together the two strands of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 9

A molecule with an uneven distribution of electrons, such as water, is considered:

Accepted Answer

Polar

Question 10

What happens when a negatively charged ion encounters a positively charged ion?

Accepted Answer

They attract and form an ionic bond.

Question 11

A solution with a pH of 3 is considered:

Accepted Answer

Acidic

Question 12

Which of the following correctly lists the steps of the scientific method in order?

Accepted Answer

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion

Question 13

Homeostasis refers to:

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment.

Question 14

Which of the following is a difference between an element and a molecule?

Accepted Answer

An element is a pure substance consisting of one type of atom, while a molecule is composed of two or more atoms bonded together.

Question 15

Which of the following is a shared characteristic between living and nonliving things?

Accepted Answer

Presence of atoms and molecules

Question 16

Why is radioisotope technology important in medicine?

Accepted Answer

It allows for imaging and tracing biological processes.

Question 17

How can an atom change its charge?

Accepted Answer

By gaining or losing electrons.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Question 19

During the electron transport chain, most ATP is produced by which protein complex?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase

Question 20

Which of the following substances can freely pass through the plasma membrane without assistance?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules

BIOS 110 Exam 1 Review: Foundations of Human Biology (Chapters 1-4)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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